1. The reality or public perception of racial profiling alienates people from police, hinders community policing efforts, and causes law enforcement to lose credibility and trust among the people law enforcement is sworn to protect and serve.
2. This anti-racial profiling policy is established in accordance with MN Statute section 626.8471 Subd. 4 to govern the conduct of peace officers engaged in stops of citizens and other law enforcement actions.

1. It is the policy of the Minneapolis Police Department to reaffirm our commitment to impartial policing and to reinforce procedures that serve to assure the public we are providing service and enforcing laws in a fair and equitable manner to all.
2. It is the policy of the Minneapolis Police Department that every aspect of our professional service must demonstrate our commitment to procedural justice, which means to treat others with dignity, giving them voice and respect, being neutral in our decision-making and working to build trust.
3. Every employee of this department shall perform their duties in a fair and objective manner.

Impartial Policing

1. Policing impartially, not racial profiling, is standard procedure for the MPD, meaning:

Investigative detentions, pedestrian and vehicle stops, arrests, searches and property seizures by peace officers will be based on a standard of reasonable suspicion or probable cause in accordance with the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution and Article 1, Section 10 of the MN Constitution, and peace officers must be able to articulate specific facts, circumstances and conclusions that support reasonable suspicion or probable cause for investigative detentions, pedestrian and vehicle stops, arrests, nonconsensual searches and property seizures.

2. Except as provided below, peace officers shall not consider race, ethnicity, color, national origin, ancestry, immigration status, gender identity or expression, age, creed, religion, sexual orientation, marital status, parental status, disability (including pregnancy), genetic information, veteran’s status, status with regard to public assistance, and any other protected class status under state, federal, and local laws in establishing either reasonable suspicion or probable cause:

1. Peace officers may take into account the reported descriptors above of a specific suspect or suspects using credible, reliable, recent, locally-based information that links specific, suspected, unlawful or suspicious activity to a particular individual or group of individuals.
2. This information may be used in the same way officers use specific information regarding age, height, weight, etc. about specific suspects.

Professional Policing

In an effort to prevent the perception of biased law enforcement peace officers shall use the following practices when contacting any citizen, regardless of the reason for the contact:

1. Be courteous, respectful, polite and professional.

2. Introduce or identify themselves to the citizen and explain the reason for the contact as soon as practical, unless providing this information will compromise the safety of officers or other persons.
3. Ensure that the length of any detention is no longer than necessary to take appropriate action for the known or suspected offense.
4. Attempt to answer any relevant questions that the citizen may have regarding the citizen/officer contact, including relevant referrals to other agencies when appropriate.
5. Provide their name and badge number when requested, preferably in writing or on a business card.
6. Explain and/or apologize if the officers determine that the reasonable suspicion was unfounded (e.g. after an investigatory stop).
7. If asked, provide the procedures for filing a complaint about police services or conduct, in accordance with P&P 2-104.

Supervisor Responsibility

Supervisors shall ensure all personnel in their command are familiar with the content of this policy and are in compliance.

Duty to Report

Employees shall promptly report any suspected or known instances of bias-based policing to a supervisor (in accordance with P&P 2-101).

Duty to Intervene

Employees shall intervene, when reasonable to do so, to prevent any biased-based actions by another employee (P&P 2-102).

Report Violations to POST

1. Alleged violations of this policy shall be reported to POST in accordance with the reporting requirements in MN Statute section 626.8457.

2. Internal Affairs shall coordinate the required reporting to POST.

Policy

1. In an effort to remain professional at all times, including department-sanctioned social events, the following guidelines shall be followed:

1. Employees are not allowed to solicit door prizes while on-duty or in the name of the Minneapolis Police Department for an event.

2. Attendance at off-duty social events is optional.

3. Awarding alcoholic beverages as door prizes is prohibited.
4. Complimentary alcoholic beverages are prohibited.
5. If the event is not held on police department property, advertising at a public establishment connecting the gathering to the MPD is prohibited.
6. Supervisors, while in attendance at said events, are responsible for the actions of officers under their command at the event.
7. Inappropriate behavior at an event should immediately be reported to a supervisor.

2. If security is needed for an event, arrangements should be made by the organizer.

Policy

All use of the City’s computer system shall comply with the City of Minneapolis Electronic Communications Policy.

Users are responsible for maintaining security of any computer to which they have logged on. When users leave the computer, they shall log off the system.

Domain passwords are selected by individual users and are not to be shared. Users should protect their password against unauthorized use. Passwords can be stolen, guessed or inadvertently made available, therefore BIS will prompt users when to change their password. Users are required to change their passwords every 30 days and will have to supply a new password in order to log on.

Security levels based on the user's position determine access to programs. If a user requires a different security clearance to perform functions beyond their current security level, a request shall be made in writing to the supervisor of the Business Technology Unit.

Internet and E-mail systems do not provide private or confidential electronic communications. Users must understand that any communications created, received or backed up on the City systems are considered public documents and are subject to legal requests for public disclosure. This includes communications that users might think are of a personal and private nature.

Use of the Internet will be monitored by Business Information and Technology Services (ITS) (BIS). Inappropriate or questionable use will be reported to the supervisor of the Business Technology Unit, and if necessary, referred to the Internal Affairs Unit for investigation. This monitoring will include external links and services being accessed by employees.

All Internet business that requires a fee or connects to an inappropriate site (i.e. pornographic material, sites that could violate the City's Sexual Harassment Policy, etc.) shall be pre-approved by the employee's supervisor. A memo stating the reason and approval for access shall be retained by the precinct, unit or division commander, who shall forward a file copy to Internal Affairs for review, if needed.

Internal Affairs may investigate reported violations of the City's Electronic Communications Policy, with the assistance of BIS ITS personnel. Any employee whose user name and password is determined to have been in use during any violation may be subject to an Internal Affairs investigation and held accountable.

Policy

1. Employees shall not publicly criticize or ridicule the Department, its policies, the City, another employee, an elected official, or a member of the public, or other employees as to the performance of their duties in a manner which is defamatory, obscene, unlawful, or in any other manner which impairs the effective operation of the Department or in a manner which displays a reckless or knowing disregard for the truth.

2. Employees shall not knowingly disseminate (including verbally, in writing, electronically, etc.) any false information, or un-verifiable or un-substantiated rumors or gossip, about the Department, the City, another employee, an elected official, or a member of the public, in a manner which is defamatory, obscene, unlawful, or in any other manner which impairs the effective operation of the Department, or in a manner which displays a reckless or knowing disregard for the truth.

Policy

Employees shall not threaten with physical harm, intimidate, or otherwise cause fear of retaliation or harm, to any other employee. Employees may be relieved of duty for such actions.

Policy

In the City of Minneapolis, on‑duty officers shall take all steps reasonably necessary to enforce the law after considering the tactical situation.

Minnesota Statutes 629.40 subd. 3 provides that when an on-duty licensed peace officer acting in obedience of an order of the court, or in the course and scope of their employment, or in fresh pursuit is outside of the officer's jurisdiction, that officer is serving in the regular line of duty as fully as though the service was within their jurisdiction.

Policy

Off‑duty officers in their jurisdiction have peace officer authority. Officers shall consider the tactical situation and liability to themselves and the department.

By the City Council Resolution (84R-047), Minneapolis police officers do not have peace officer authority when they are off-duty and outside their jurisdiction. The City of Minneapolis will not provide liability protection or worker's compensation benefits to officers acting in a law enforcement capacity when they are off duty and outside their jurisdiction. In these situations, Minneapolis police officers only have the power of citizen's arrest. 

Policy

Minneapolis police officers have peace officer authority outside of Minnesota only in incidents of fresh pursuit. Officers who are outside the boundaries of Minnesota for extradition, or other matters of direct concern to the City, are not to engage in police activities unless they are necessary in the performance of their duties as agents of the City, and then only after consideration of the tactical situation.

Policy

Police officers do not have the right to strike or to engage in any work stoppage or slow‑down.

The use of force against any person is a significant action and must be recognized as such. Members must act within their authority and their limitations. Using force appropriately is critical in building community trust and legitimacy and enhances the ability of members to partner with the community to promote public safety and member safety. These use of force policies seek to:

• Recognize people’s humanity, dignity, and civil rights.
• Promote public safety.
• Promote member safety.
• Ensure that sworn members only engage in non-discriminatory uses of force.
• Reduce the circumstances in which using force is necessary.
• Ensure sworn members only use force that is consistent with law and policy, including the requirement that force must be objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional.
• Facilitate compliance with the law.
• Ensure accountability when sworn members use force that is inconsistent with law or policy.
• Build public confidence that members are acting consistently with law enforcement objectives, community needs and values, and in the interest of public safety.

MPD’s force guiding principles are:
[A] Sanctity of life
[B] Duty to de-escalate
[C] Objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional force
[D] Consider vulnerable populations
[E] Duty to intervene
[F] Promote trust, and show respect and dignity
[G] Avoid escalation and unnecessary risk
[H] Identify self and warn of intent
[I] Duty to provide medical treatment
[J] Prohibition on retaliation, punishment and coercion
[K] Duty to report misconduct
[L] Duty to report force
[M] Accountability
[N] Importance of member health and wellness

Sanctity of Life

MPD’s values are grounded in the foundational belief in the sanctity of life; the belief that all human life is inherently sacred, valuable and must be protected. The Department’s mission, vision, values, goals, policies, and rules are all built upon and are intended to reflect the Department’s belief in the sanctity of life (P&P 0-102).

MPD and its members shall uphold this belief by striving to:

• Protect and preserve human life in all situations.
• Keep the community and MPD members safe from harm.

Duty to De-escalate

Sworn members have a clear affirmative duty to de-escalate and use de-escalation techniques and tactics whenever feasible, to minimize the need to use force, resolve incidents without the use of force when possible, and to increase the likelihood of voluntary compliance with legitimate and lawful orders. Members' duty to de-escalate continues throughout the entire encounter. (P&P 7-802)

Objectively Reasonable, Necessary, and Proportional Force

Members shall only use force that is objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional under the totality of the circumstances, consistent with public safety, in order to provide for the safety of a member or another person, stop an attack, make an arrest, bring a person or situation safely under control, or prevent escape, consistent with the following provisions:

Objectively reasonable

Objectively reasonable force means the degree and type of force a reasonable officer would consider rational and logical, based on the totality of the circumstances, to bring a person or situation safely under control (see the conditions and considerations below).

1. The decision by a member to use force shall be evaluated from the perspective of a reasonable officer in the same situation , based on the totality of the circumstances known to or perceived by the member at the time, rather than with the benefit of hindsight, and that the totality of the circumstances shall account for occasions when members may be forced to make quick judgments about using such force.
2. In measuring whether or not the use of force was reasonable and the actions of the member that led to the use of force were reasonable, the conduct of the member will be measured by the entire course of conduct preceding the use of force, and not be limited to whether or not force was authorized under law at the moment it was used.
3. Members shall consider the totality of circumstances in determining whether a use of force is objectively reasonable, including, but not limited to the following:

1. The severity of the crime or crimes at issue.
2. Whether the person poses an immediate threat to the safety of the member or others.
3. Whether the person is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by fleeing.
4. The influence of drugs or alcohol on the person.
5. The mental or physical health conditions, behavioral health challenges, or disabilities of the person.
6. The ability of the person to understand or communicate, such as whether the person has visual or hearing impairments, language barriers, etc.
7. The age, size, and condition of the person.
8. The time available to the member to make a decision.
9. The person’s proximity or access to weapons.
10. The risk to bystanders or others from the use of force.
11. The location, time of day, and other physical circumstances.
12. Other rare emergency situations requiring swift action to prevent an imminent threat to life or an imminent threat of serious harm to another.

Necessary

Members shall use the lowest degree of force necessary in accordance with policy and law.

1. Force may be considered necessary when no reasonably effective alternative exists, meaning lower degrees of force or alternatives to force did not work, would not work, were not feasible or were too unsafe to attempt.

• In some circumstances, tactical disengagement without force or physical disengagement may be the reasonable course of action (see P&P 7-802 De-escalation).

• The decision to disengage must be consistent with the critical decision-making model (P&P 7-801).
• In crisis situations, members shall only tactically disengage in accordance with P&P 7-803, including the approval requirements in that policy.

2. Lower degrees of force are generally intended to and have a lower probability of causing injury or incapacitation based on the type of force used and manner in which it was used.
3. Members shall continually assess the necessity of the use of force (P&P 7-801). This includes:

• Considering whether alternatives may be employed. Alternatives may include coordination with a larger group of sworn members, crisis intervention resources, or the use of other resources or de-escalation techniques or tactics.
• Discontinuing or modulating force when the degree of force is no longer necessary.

Proportional

Members shall only use force that is proportional to the threat, actions, and subject behavior offered by a person. Proportionality measures whether the force used by the member is rationally related to the degree of resistance or aggression confronting the member.

Degree of threat

The greater the threat and the more likely that the threat will result in death or serious physical injury, the greater the degree of force that may be necessary to overcome it.

Modulate or discontinue force

When or if the person offers less resistance, members shall modulate or discontinue the degree or type of force accordingly.

People who are physically restrained

Basic control measures such as escort holds may be used with people who are handcuffed or otherwise physically restrained when objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional to control the situation.

Higher degrees of force shall not be used against a person who is handcuffed or otherwise physically restrained, except in the rare circumstance that it would be objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional, to prevent their escape, maintain control, or to prevent imminent physical harm to the person, the member, or another person. In these situations, only the degree of force necessary to control the situation shall be used. Force that may be considered proportional against an unrestrained person may not necessarily be proportional if the person is physically restrained.

Consider Vulnerable Populations

In accordance with P&P 7-802 De-escalation and P&P 7-809 Crisis Intervention, members shall consider the characteristics and conditions of vulnerable people when determining the lowest degree of force necessary, and shall calibrate their force practices accordingly. These considerations include the person’s vulnerability to injury, ability to cause harm, and ability to understand or comply with commands from members. Vulnerable people can include people who are:

• Minors.
• Elderly.
• Pregnant.
• People with mental or physical health conditions.
• People with behavioral health challenges.
• People with developmental or intellectual disabilities or conditions.
• People with vision or hearing impairments.
• People with limited English proficiency.

However, members’ assessment of the above factors shall not otherwise be impacted by a person’s protected class status (P&P 5-104).

Special decision-making considerations

As with all situations, members should implement the steps of the critical decision-making model (P&P 7-801) to inform their actions, and use de-escalation techniques and tactics whenever feasible (P&P 7-802). Members should consider which force options might be the most objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional under the totality of the circumstances, and should also consider whether alternatives to force may be employed. Examples could include negotiation, commands, and additional resources.

Ability to understand or comply

Members shall consider whether a vulnerable person’s condition or barrier to communication is impacting their ability to understand or comply with commands.

Ability of a vulnerable person to cause physical harm and likelihood of injury to the vulnerable person

Before using force on someone who is a minor, obviously pregnant, elderly, or frail, or who has another apparent physical condition, mental health condition, or developmental or intellectual disability or condition, limiting their ability to cause physical harm or increasing their likelihood of sustaining an injury, members shall take into account the individualized factors of the person including:

• Apparent age.
• Body size.
• Strength relative to the member.
• Known or perceived disabilities or conditions.
• Apparent ability to cause physical harm.
• Other risks posed by the person.

Minors

In addition to the requirements in P&P 8-100, P&P 8-200 and P&P 8-300 regarding all interactions and encounters with minors, the following requirements apply to force considerations with minors:

De-escalation and minors

As with any encounter, members are expected to continually assess the situation, use de-escalation techniques and tactics, and seek peaceful resolutions during incidents involving minors.

1. When feasible, members shall employ developmentally appropriate and trauma-informed de-escalation and communication tactics with minors including, but not limited to:

• Using a calm and measured tone and neutral demeanor.
• Using simple and direct language.
• Avoiding threatening language.

2. Law enforcement presence may be intimidating and threatening to minors, therefore members should approach calmly and respectfully in a non-confrontational manner while avoiding physical contact, if possible, to diffuse tension and anxiety while maintaining safety. Members should avoid using threats and intimidation to gain compliance from minors.
3. Members may use repetition in a clear voice to reinforce instructions. When feasible, members shall allow time for the minor to comply with instructions.
4. Minors may not comply immediately, and members may need to try multiple times without resorting to force or the threat of force.
5. Members shall account for any fear-based reactions minors may experience during an encounter which may manifest as aggression, defensiveness, defiance, freezing, or fleeing.

Minors injured by use of force

1. If a minor is injured by a member’s use of force, members shall take immediate steps to provide medical attention ([II-I] and P&P 7-350).

2. Members shall notify the minor’s parent, guardian, or other responsible adult of the injury as soon as feasible.

Duty to Intervene

1. Members have an obligation to protect the public and other members, and a duty to intervene to stop other members from using prohibited force and from failing to use de-escalation techniques and tactics.
2. Regardless of tenure or rank, any sworn member who observes another member using any force that they reasonably believe amounts to any prohibited force (including any force that is not objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional), must attempt to safely intervene by verbal and physical means, and if they do not do so may be subject to discipline of the same severity as if they themselves engaged in the prohibited force.

Promote Trust, and Show Respect and Dignity

1. Members shall act at all times in a manner that promotes trust between MPD and the communities it serves. Members shall exercise a high degree of ethics and professionalism, and respect for the humanity, civil rights, and dignity of all people, without discrimination or prejudice. A commitment to and demonstration of the force guiding principles are critical in building that trust.
   (see P&P 0-102, P&P 5-102, P&P 5-103 and P&P 5-104)

2. Members shall not allow race, gender, ethnicity, or any other protected class status to influence any decision to use force, including the degree or type of force used, as described in section [II-D] Consider Vulnerable Populations.

Avoid Escalation and Unnecessary Risk

1. In accordance with P&P 7-802, members shall not use tactics that unnecessarily escalate an encounter or create a need for force. Members shall use tactical positioning, other sound tactics and other available options during encounters to maximize the likelihood that they can safely control the situation.

2. In accordance with P&P 7-802, members shall not use words or actions that a reasonable officer would conclude are intended to incite or escalate reactive behavior. Prohibited conduct includes but is not limited to taunting people.
3. Members shall avoid unnecessarily displaying firearms and intermediate weapons. Members shall only display a weapon when there is an objectively reasonable belief that the situation may result in the authorized use of the weapon.

Identify Self and Warn of Intent

1. Prior to using force, members shall identify themselves as law enforcement officers, and clearly and precisely warn of their intent to use force unless the person submits to their authority, when it is feasible to do so.

1. Members shall allow a reasonable amount of time for a person to comply with a warning, when feasible to do so.
2. Members shall only issue warnings for force options that the member reasonably believes may be necessary in the situation.
3. This policy shall not be construed to authorize unnecessarily harsh language.

2. When making an arrest, members shall verbally announce the arrest to the person and inform the person of the warrant (if making an arrest under a warrant), when feasible, in accordance with arrest, search and seizure, and warrant-related policies and procedures (P&P 9-100, P&P 9-200 and P&P 9-300), MN Statutes sections 629.32 and 629.33, and consistent with training.

Duty to Provide Medical Treatment

In accordance with the sanctity of life, sworn members have a duty to provide appropriate medical treatment to those who need it (P&P 7-350). Any member who uses force shall, as soon as reasonably practical, determine if anyone displays a visible injury or signs of medical distress, has lost consciousness, has complained of injury or medical distress, or has requested medical attention, and shall render medical aid consistent with current training and request Emergency Medical Service (EMS) if necessary (in accordance with P&P 7-350). Some force options involve or require additional medical attention, as specified in the specific force option policies.

Prohibition on Retaliation, Punishment, and Coercion

Force, or the threat of force, shall not be used as a means of retaliation, punishment, or unlawful coercion, or deterring a person from engaging in lawful conduct. This includes, but is not limited to punishing or retaliating against a person for:

• Fleeing.
• Resisting arrest.
• Engaging in boisterous or insulting behavior.
• Assaulting a member.
• Engaging in a protest or demonstration.
• Photographing or filming a member (P&P 9-202).

Duty to Report Misconduct

All members shall recognize and act upon the duty to report, as soon as feasible, any member who uses prohibited force (including any force that is not objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional), or who fails to use de-escalation techniques and tactics when feasible.
(see P&P 2-101)

Duty to Report Force

Authorized use of force requires careful attention to the facts and circumstances of each case. Members shall write a detailed, comprehensive report for each incident in which reportable force was used (in accordance with P&P 5-302). All reportable uses of force and all reportable observations of force shall be accurately and completely documented and reviewed pursuant to MPD’s policies (P&P 5-302 and P&P 5-303).

Accountability

1. Members will be held accountable for compliance with these policies and procedures (P&P 1-100).

2. Members who use force that is discriminatory, unreasonable, unnecessary, or disproportionate, or that violates laws or policies, should expect corrective action or discipline, up to and including termination, and may be subject to criminal or civil liability.

Importance of Member Health and Wellness

The MPD and its members shall recognize that member health and wellness is integral to members responding effectively and lawfully in all situations, especially high-stress situations. A healthy employee is better equipped to apply the critical decision-making model and to work toward outcomes that build community trust and uphold MPD’s guiding principles.
(see P&P 3-500)

Policy Standards are Stricter than Legal Standards

MPD policy sets forth stricter standards than required by the minimum legal standard. Members are expected to comply at all times with MPD policy. Just because force is legally justified does not automatically mean that using force or the degree of force is authorized by policy. For example, some specific types of force are limited to specific circumstances and force must comply with all applicable sections of policy including those related to de-escalation. See the prohibitions in P&P 5-304 and the specific restrictions in the force options policies.

Legal Authority to Use Force

When members use force, they shall comply with the United States Constitution, the MN Constitution, and other applicable laws.

Constitutional standards

The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution and Section 10 of the Minnesota Constitution’s Bill of Rights state:

“The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated; and no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the person or things to be seized.”

Statutory authorization for use of force

MN Statute section 609.06 Subd. 1 states: “Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions 2 and 3, reasonable force may be used upon or toward the person of another without the other’s consent when the following circumstances exist or the actor reasonably believes them to exist:

When used by a public officer or one assisting a public officer under the public officer’s direction:

• In effecting a lawful arrest; or
• In the execution of legal process; or
• In enforcing an order of the court; or
• In executing any other duty imposed upon the public officer by law.”

Statutory authority to use force in making an arrest

If a member has informed a person that the member intends to arrest the person, and if the person then flees or forcibly resists arrest, the member may use all necessary and lawful means to make the arrest but shall not use deadly force unless authorized to do so under section 609.066 (MN Statute section 629.33). Such force shall also be consistent with all sections in P&P 5-300, including the requirement that force be objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional, and the limitations on specific force options such as the limitation on using a conducted energy weapon (CEW) on a fleeing person (P&P 5-309). A member making an arrest may not subject the person arrested to any more restraint than is necessary for the arrest and detention (MN Statute section 629.32).

The right to be free from excessive force

Every person has a right to be free from excessive use of force (MN Statute section 609.066 Subd. 1a).

Authorized Use of Deadly Force

The authority to use deadly force is a critical responsibility that shall be exercised judiciously and with respect for human rights and dignity and for the sanctity of every human life, and shall always be the last resort.

Deadly force shall not be used against a person whose conduct is only a threat to property.

1. The use of deadly force by a peace officer in the line of duty is justified only if an objectively reasonable officer would believe, based on the totality of the circumstances known to the officer at the time and without the benefit of hindsight, that such force is necessary (MN Statute section 609.066 Subd. 2):

1. To protect the peace officer or another from death or great bodily harm, provided that the threat:

1. Can be articulated with specificity and
2. Is reasonably likely to occur absent action by the law enforcement officer and
3. Must be addressed through the use of deadly force without unreasonable delay.

or

2. To effect the arrest or capture, or prevent the escape, of a person, when both of the following apply:

1. The peace officer knows or has reasonable grounds to believe the person has committed or attempted to commit a felony and
2. The peace officer reasonably believes that the person will cause death or great bodily harm to another person under the threat criteria in clause [1-a], items [i] to [iii], unless immediately apprehended.

2. A peace officer shall not use deadly force against a person based on the danger the person poses to self if an objectively reasonable officer would believe, based on the totality of the circumstances known to the officer at the time and without the benefit of hindsight, that the person does not pose a threat of death or great bodily harm to the peace officer or to another under the threat criteria as detailed in this policy in clause [1-a], items [i] to [iii] (MN Statute section 609.066 Subd. 2).
3. Before using deadly force, members shall first consider all reasonably safe and feasible alternatives (MN Statute section 626.8452 Subd. 1a).

This means that members shall not use deadly force unless they have exhausted feasible de-escalation tactics and techniques, and intermediate weapons or empty hand techniques have been tried, have failed, or would be impractical or unsafe based on the totality of the circumstances.

Protecting Members Who Report or Intervene

In accordance with P&P 2-106, members shall not retaliate or threaten to retaliate against any member for fulfilling their Duty to Report Misconduct or their Duty to Intervene.

Training

1. All sworn members shall receive training, at least annually, on the MPD’s use of force policy and related legal updates (in accordance with P&P 2-500 and any policies related to specific tools or weapons).

2. In addition, training shall be provided on a regular and periodic basis and be designed to:

1. Instruct on the use and importance of de-escalation techniques and tactics.

2. Simulate actual use of force situations and conditions.
3. Enhance members’ exercise of discretion and judgement in using options other than deadly force, in accordance with this policy.

3. Before being authorized to carry a firearm all sworn members shall receive training and instruction on the proper use of deadly force and MPD’s policies and MN Statutes with regard to such force (in accordance with P&P 5-304, P&P 5-312, P&P 3-200 and P&P 5-400). Such training and instruction shall continue on at least an annual basis.
4. Members shall only carry weapons and force devices for which they are currently trained and authorized to use through the MPD Training Division (P&P 5-304). Before carrying an authorized weapon or force device, all members shall receive training and instruction in the use of the device including training as it relates to its use in deadly force and other than deadly force situations (in accordance with P&P 5-304). Such training and instruction shall continue on at least an annual basis.
5. The Chief of Police shall ensure that the MPD maintains records of the MPD’s compliance with use of force training requirements.

Transfer of Custody

Prior to transferring custody of a person that force was used upon, sworn members shall verbally notify the receiving agency or employee of the following:

• The type of force used.
• Any injuries or alleged injuries sustained.
• Any medical aid rendered.
• If EMS was called and if so, whether or not EMS made contact with the person, whether the person refused or accepted EMS, and whether or not the person was transported by EMS for further treatment.

State Requirement for Policy

The MPD must establish and enforce a written policy governing the use of force, including deadly force, in accordance with MN Statute section 626.8452.

This policy is to be reviewed annually.

Policy Application

This policy (P&P 5-301) applies to all licensed peace officers engaged in the discharge of official duties.

1. Recording, analyzing, and acting on quality data is critical for MPD to make data-driven decisions that are shaped by public safety needs and respect for the sanctity of life, and are free from discrimination.
2. These reporting requirements are designed to provide MPD with the information necessary to:

• Ensure supervisors receive timely notification so they can complete force reviews, which are essential in ensuring compliance with policy and identifying necessary corrective action.
• Determine whether or not the use of force was objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional in accordance with P&P 5-301.
• Determine the effectiveness of policy, training, tactics, and supervision.
• Provide for community and MPD member safety.
• Hold members and supervisors accountable.
• Provide the community with accurate information regarding use of force by MPD members.

Actions Not Requiring Force Reporting

1. The following listed actions do not require any reporting (Use of Force details page, Narrative Text or supervisor notification) unless they result in an injury or complaint of injury or pain:

• Control or escort holds.
• Touch contact.

2. Handcuff use requires a Narrative Text and a checkbox on the Entity page in the Police Report, but does not require a Use of Force details page or supervisor notification unless it results in injury or complaint of injury (see section [IV]).

Level 1 Reportable Force

Level 1 definition and types

Level 1 reportable force involves low levels of force that could reasonably cause transitory pain but do not result in injury or complaint of injury or pain, and also includes the display of firearms, the pointing of firearms, and the pointing of certain intermediate weapons. Level 1 types of force include:

• Displaying a firearm when engaged with any subject.
• Pointing a firearm at a person.
• Pointing an impact projectile launcher at a person.
• Performing a CEW warning alert, when engaged with a subject.
• Pointing a CEW at a person.
• Laser painting a person with a CEW or other weapon or device.
• Pointing a hand-held chemical aerosol at a person.
• Pressure point compliance techniques.
• Joint manipulations (including wristlocks, armbars, etc.).
• Weaponless defense techniques such as shoves.
• Body weight to pin.
• Control pressure.
• Using an authorized or improvised tool to push a person without striking (such as baton pushes and baton shoves, and shoves with a shield).
• Any other use of force that does not rise to a level 2 reportable force or level 3 reportable force.

Reporting firearm display and pointing for specific tactical operations

1. A member engaged in the execution of a building search warrant or engaged in an Operation 100 shall be required to report level 1 reportable force involving displaying or pointing a firearm only when it involves a sustained active engagement with a person to gain that person’s compliance.
2. A member who quickly “sweeps” a room during a building search warrant, alarm call, hot call, or Operation 100 is not required to report each person at whom a firearm was momentarily pointed during the sweep. The circumstances of the sweep shall be described in the Narrative Text or call notes (if a Police Report is not required).

Level 2 Reportable Force

Level 2 definitions and types

Level 2 reportable force involves the use of an intermediate weapon, weaponless strikes in specific situations, or force that causes injury or complaint of injury or pain but does not rise to level 3 reportable force. Level 2 types of force include:

• Discharging a chemical aerosol.
• Deploying a CEW.
• Weaponless strikes other than the following which must be reported as level 3 reportable force ([II-D]):

• Level 3: Weaponless strikes to the head or neck if the person’s head is near a hard surface.
• Level 3: Knee strikes or kicks to the head or neck.
• Level 3: Weaponless strikes to the throat.

• Baton strikes and improvised weapon strikes to any part of the body other than the head, neck, throat, face, sternum, armpit, spine, kidneys, or groin.
• Impact projectile that does not impact the head, neck, throat, face, chest, armpit, spine, or groin.
• Chemical munition use.

• Canine apprehension.
• Any reportable force against a handcuffed person other than control pressure (see section [IV] for additional requirements).

• Flash sound distraction device (FSDD) use.
• Takedowns (including leg sweeps, vehicle extractions to the ground, and baton pushes, baton shoves, and shoves with a shield that result in the person ending up on the ground or floor).
• Use of any other intermediate weapon.

• A control or escort hold, touch contact, handcuff use, or other action that results in an injury or complaint of injury or pain.

• Any use of force by an MPD member that results in injury or complaint of injury or pain, except level 3 reportable force.

• This includes aggravation of a preexisting injury.

• Physical contact with the neck during a use of force, including incidental contact and touching, that does not amount to level 3 reportable force.

• This does not include neck contact during a medical assessment such as checking someone’s pulse.

Level 3 Reportable Force

Level 3 definition and types

Level 3 reportable force involves force that causes substantial bodily harm, great bodily harm, or death, and other specified actions below:

• Deadly force.
• Using a vehicle to make intentional contact with a person.
• Using a vehicle to strike another vehicle.
• Using a baton or an improvised weapon to strike a person’s head, neck, throat, face, sternum, armpit, spine, kidneys, or groin.
• Impact projectile use that impacts the head, neck, throat, face, chest, armpit, spine, or groin.
• Breaching round use that impacts a person.
• Weaponless strikes to the head or neck if the person’s head is near a hard surface.
• Knee strikes or kicks to the head or neck.
• Weaponless strikes to the throat.
• Energizing a CEW on a person for more than fifteen total seconds.
• Force associated with or resulting in loss of consciousness, substantial bodily harm, great bodily harm, or death.
• Any force that causes injury resulting in admission to a hospital.

No review of recordings

For critical incidents, the procedures relating to review of audio and visual data in P&P 7-810 apply. In situations that are not critical incidents, members who use or are physically present and observe level 3 reportable force shall not review any recordings including body worn camera footage prior to being interviewed or completing use of force documentation, unless doing so is necessary to address an immediate threat to life or safety while in the field. This does not prohibit supervisors from reviewing recordings when conducting their required reviews (P&P 5-303).

Members who use or are physically present and observe level 3 reportable force may review the recordings after being interviewed and after making their initial Police Report. They may add an additional Narrative text after review but shall not alter the initial report and shall note that the additional Narrative text was made after viewing the recordings (P&P 4-223).

Reporting Prohibited Force

The following types of force are prohibited (P&P 5-304). Nevertheless, reporting requirements for these prohibited types of force are as follows:

1. Maximal restraint techniques shall be reported and reviewed as level 2 reportable force.

2. Neck restraints, including choke holds, shall be reported and reviewed as level 3 reportable force.

Supervisor Notification of Force

The member who used a reportable use of force shall remain on scene and immediately make direct contact with a supervisor by phone or radio, so the supervisor can fulfill their responsibilities. If the scene is not safe, the member may move to a safer location no farther than necessary from the scene, and shall document the circumstances in their report.

Reporting Force Used in PIMS

1. The member who used a reportable use of force shall complete a Police Report including the code “FORCE,” a Use of Force details page (accounting for each reportable use of force), and a Narrative Text.

2. When documenting force in an incident through a Narrative Text with a Police Report or Street Check, members shall describe in the narrative:

• The reason for the initial interaction (whether it was a stop, arrest, other enforcement action or other type of encounter).
• A specific description of the person’s behavior prior to the use of force and throughout the encounter.
• The alleged offenses of the person force was used on.
• If the person was engaged in any first amendment-protected activity, a description of the activity.
• Known or perceived information regarding the person’s mental health or medical condition, disability, difficulty understanding verbal commands, and use of drugs or alcohol.
• Any efforts to de-escalate prior to the use of force and throughout the encounter.
• An explanation of why any de-escalation techniques or tactics were determined to be not feasible.
• A thorough and complete description of each use of force by the member.
• The circumstances and factors the member considered for each use of force.

• How the person’s behavior and circumstances changed after each use of force.
• How changes or lack of changes in the person’s behavior and circumstances contributed to the member’s use of force considerations.
• Why each use of force used was objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional under the totality of the circumstances (including each strike, deployment or other use of an empty hand technique or weapon).

• If the person was injured, displayed signs of an injury, or complained of an injury, and the nature of the injuries. This includes pre-existing injuries aggravated by, or injuries suffered as the result of, the force used.
• If medical aid was rendered, and if so whether or not Emergency Medical Services (EMS) was called, and whether or not the member who used force was the same member who rendered aid or called EMS.
• If medical aid was rendered, whether or not the person was transported to the hospital, and if so:

• Whether or not the transportation was because of force used.
• Whether MPD, EMS or another agency made the transport.

• Whether or not there are BWC or in-car camera recordings, and whether or not the member viewed the recordings prior to completing their use of force documentation.

3. Members shall use specific and descriptive language, individualized to the circumstances, and shall not use only boilerplate language when describing the incident.
4. Any time a Use of Force details page is required for an incident, the member shall also complete the de-escalation section in the Use of Force details page.
5. See the restrictions in in the section on level 3 reportable force regarding review of video ([II-D-2]).

Complaint of Injury or Pain from Force

1. If the person complains of injury or pain from force, and the member visibly identifies an injury, the force shall be reported as level 2 reportable force or level 3 reportable force.

2. If the person complains of pain or injury from force and the member does not visibly identify an injury, then the member shall ask the person the following or similar questions to identify if a reportable injury occurred:

1. Do you feel like you have a broken bone, or pulled or sprained muscle, tendon or ligament, related to the use of force?

2. Do you have persistent pain, numbness or tingling related to the use of force?
3. Do you have any prior injuries or conditions related to the area of pain that were aggravated by the use of force?
4. Do you feel you need immediate medical attention or an ambulance?

3. If the person answers “yes” to any of those questions, medical treatment shall be provided in accordance with P&P 7-350 and the force shall be reported as level 2 reportable force or level 3 reportable force.

Reporting Observed Force in Non-Critical Incidents

Any member who is physically present and observes another member use level 2 reportable force or non-critical incident level 3 reportable force shall accurately and thoroughly describe the use of force in their Narrative Text.

Force Reporting Timeliness

1. In critical incidents, force reporting shall be done in accordance with P&P 7-810. When a Police Report is required in accordance with P&P 7-810, any associated force reports shall be completed at the same time as the required Police Report.

2. In all other cases, all required force reporting, including by members who used force and by members who observed force, shall be completed as soon as practical, but no later than the end of the shift. Members needing medical attention may be granted an appropriate extension of the deadline.

Prohibition on Joint Narrative Writing

1. Members shall complete use of force reports and documentation truthfully, based on their own recollection of the incident and from their own perspective. Members may review body worn camera (BWC) footage to aid in their documentation for level 1 reportable force and level 2 reportable uses of force (see the level 3 reportable force restrictions in [II-D-2]).
2. Members are prohibited from sharing information about the use of force with another member for the purpose of justifying their use of force. This does not prohibit on-scene communication such as scene management, on-scene assessments, tactical debriefs, and sharing information with a supervisor as part of a notification or force review (P&P 5-303).

3. In circumstances where multiple members report on a use of force, the review process recognizes that different members may have varying information and recollections. Accordingly, differences in reporting do not automatically indicate a lack of truthfulness (P&P 5-303).
4. These prohibitions do not apply to Field Training Officers (FTOs) when they perform their duties in educating their Officers in Training (OITs) on how to articulate their use of force, accurately recall the incident, and write a better report. In doing so, FTOs shall not direct the OIT to alter facts of their report.

Police Report Required

1. A Police Report is required for any incident involving handcuff use. The circumstances necessitating handcuffing shall be documented in a Narrative Text.

2. The application of handcuffs shall be marked in the corresponding box on the Entity page for each person handcuffs were applied to, subject to the exception for mass arrests below.
3. If there is no associated offense code, the report should use a code that corresponds to the problem nature code or if not applicable, the code MISC.
4. Handcuff use does not require the code FORCE or a Use of Force details page unless it results in an injury or complaint of injury or pain.

Injuries From Handcuff Use

1. If handcuffs themselves or the act of handcuffing result in an injury, complaint of injury or pain, or aggravation of a preexisting injury, then the handcuff use shall be reported as level 2 reportable force or level 3 reportable force.

2. A complaint solely of discomfort from handcuff use (as defined below) shall not be considered reportable force.
3. To determine if a complaint of injury or pain from handcuffing or handcuffs should be reported as level 2 reportable force or level 3 reportable force members shall do the following:

1. Remedy any issues with spacing or application when safe to do so, and then ask the person if they still feel pain or discomfort.

2. If the person is still feeling pain or discomfort, the member shall ask the person the following or similar questions:

1. Do you feel like you have a broken bone, or a pulled or sprained muscle, tendon or ligament, related to the handcuff use?
2. Do you have persistent numbness or tingling related to the handcuff use?
3. Do you have any prior injuries or conditions related to the area of pain that were aggravated by the handcuff use?
4. Do you feel you need immediate medical attention or an ambulance?

3. If the person answers “yes” to any of those questions, medical treatment shall be provided in accordance with P&P 7-350 and the handcuff use shall be reported as level 2 reportable force or level 3 reportable force.
4. If the answers are “no,” the complaint may be considered a complaint of discomfort from handcuff use.

Reporting Handcuff Use in Mass Arrests

See P&P 7-805 for special conditions that apply to reporting handcuff use in mass arrests (when authorized by the Chief or an Assistant Chief or Deputy Chief).

When an MPD-issued Conducted Energy Weapon (CEW) is used during the scope of off-duty employment outside of Minneapolis (i.e. for another law enforcement agency), the member shall obtain a Minneapolis CCN from MECC and complete a Police Report with the code AOA and refer to the outside employer’s incident report in the Narrative Text.

The member shall then download the device and store the information under the Minneapolis CCN (the MPD CEW must be approved for use with the outside agency in the required Letter of Agreement per P&P 3-801).

This process is to ensure MPD’s documentation includes a record of the device use.

All level 2 and level 3 reportable uses of force, other than critical incidents (P&P 7-810), must be reviewed through a Supervisor Force Review, and through a Secondary Force Review.

Supervisor Force Review (SFR)

Supervisor Force Review purpose

The purposes of a Supervisor Force Review (SFR) are to:

1. Collect and document information and evidence regarding the use of force; and

2. Assess whether, based on the information available to the reviewing supervisor, the force used appears to have been consistent with MPD policy, including whether the force appears to have been objectively reasonable given the totality of the circumstances.

No review of own use of force

Supervisors shall not conduct a Supervisor Force Review on their own use of force.

1. If a supervisor uses force that requires a supervisor notification per policy, they shall not conduct any Supervisor Force Review for any other sworn employees at the scene.

1. If an individual in a supervisor’s custody suffers an injury or illness not from force, the supervisor shall not conduct any Supervisor Force Review for the in-custody injury or illness.
2. Any other supervisor of any rank who did not use such force or have custody shall conduct the Supervisor Force Reviews.

Supervisor responsibilities

The supervisor who is notified of and responds to a level 2 or level 3 use of force or In-Custody Injury or Illness incident by any sworn MPD employee shall:

1. Determine if the incident meets the criteria for a Critical Incident. If so, follow the Critical Incidents policy (P&P 7-810).

2. Instruct the involved employees to request the subject remain on-scene until the supervisor arrives, if it is reasonable to do so.

• If the subject does not remain on-scene, the supervisor shall go to the subject’s location, if necessary, to complete the investigation.

3. Immediately respond to the incident scene and conduct a preliminary investigation of the use of force or In-Custody Injury or Illness incident.

1. Debrief the employee(s) who engaged in the use of force.

1. Note any reported injury or alleged injury to any individual involved.
2. Note any medical aid/EMS rendered to any individual involved, and take reasonable steps to offer MPD employees and community members appropriate medical care.
3. Locate and review any evidence related to the force or injury incident (e.g. BWC, MVR, security video, private cameras, etc.).
4. Ensure any on-scene evidence is preserved and collected.

5. Photograph:

• the force subject, including any visible injuries
• the immediate area of the force event
• injuries to any other individual involved in the force event
• damage to equipment or uniforms caused by the force event

6. Locate and identify witnesses to the use of force or injury incident.
7. Obtain statements from witnesses to the use of force or injury incident.
8. Review all sworn employees’ reports and supplements related to the use of force or injury incident for completeness and accuracy.
9. Determine if the force used was reasonable or unreasonable, or if it appears to constitute possible misconduct. The supervisor shall contact the Internal Affairs Commander immediately by phone if the force used appears to be unreasonable or appears to constitute possible misconduct.
10. Determine the level of the reportable force, independent of how the force was reported to the supervisor.

4. Complete and submit the “Use of Force Review” template as soon as practical, but prior to the end of that shift.

1. It is the reviewing supervisor’s responsibility to ensure that all actions taken in the preliminary investigation process and the information obtained from these actions are included in the Summary, and that all other relevant information is entered in the appropriate sections of the report. This includes documenting their observations and assessments.

2. It is the reviewing supervisor’s responsibility to assess whether, based upon the totality of the information available at the time of the report, the use of force was consistent with MPD Policy. If the supervisor concludes that the use of force was or may have been unreasonable or not within policy, the supervisor shall:

• State in the Summary that they believe the use of force requires further review; and
• Notify the Commander of Internal Affairs of their findings that the force requires further review.

5. Record the incident information on the approved MPD electronic form prior to the end of the shift, so that a Secondary Force Review can be completed.

Supervisor Force Reviews in civil disturbances and assemblies

During civil disturbances or assemblies (in accordance with P&P 7-805), reviewing supervisors shall complete the Supervisor Force Review requirements to the best of their ability, with the information available to them (which may be limited). At a minimum, the review should include:

• The type of force used.
• The amount of force used.
• The basis for the force used.

Secondary Force Review

Secondary Force Review purpose

The purposes of a Secondary Force Review are to:

1. Confirm that the SFR included all required collection and documentation of evidence;

and

2. Review all available evidence, and perform an additional, separate review of whether the use of force appears to have been consistent with MPD policy.

Secondary Force Review required

Secondary Force Reviews shall be completed for all SFRs.

Reviewer requirements

Secondary Force Reviews shall be completed by a supervisor at least one rank above that of the highest-ranking employee who engaged in the reportable use of force, as designated by the Inspector or Commander in the chain of command for the initial SFR supervisor.

1. The secondary reviewer shall be at the rank of Lieutenant or higher.

2. In some instances, the secondary reviewer may be an appointed rank, when designated.
3. Supervisors cannot complete a Secondary Force Review of their own SFR.
4. Supervisors cannot complete a Secondary Force Review of an SFR of their own use of force.

Thorough review

1. The secondary reviewer shall review all of the information reasonably available regarding the use of force review, including BWC recordings made during the on-scene Supervisor Force Review, written reports, video, audio recordings, witness statements, photographs, and other evidence or information collected by the responding supervisor.

2. The secondary reviewer is independently responsible for a thorough and substantive review of the evidence and an independent analysis of whether the use of force appears to have been consistent with MPD policy.
3. The secondary reviewer is independently responsible for determining the level of the reportable use of force.
4. The secondary reviewer shall review the documentation and data entered by the employee who used the force to ensure that the documentation and data is sufficient and complete.

Determine if notifications are required

The secondary reviewer shall determine, based on the information reviewed, if the use of force requires a notification to Internal Affairs, and make any required notifications.

Timeliness of Secondary Force Review

Secondary Force Reviews and the associated documentation shall be completed as soon as practical, but no later than within 5 calendar days of the completion of the initial SFR, unless an extension is approved by the secondary reviewer’s Inspector or Commander.

Documenting the Secondary Force Review

After the Secondary Force Review is completed, the Secondary Force Review process shall be documented by recording the required information on the approved MPD electronic form.

Internal Affairs review

1. After the Secondary Force Review is completed, Internal Affairs will ensure that all previous levels of review and documentation were completed properly.

2. After Internal Affairs has checked the Secondary Force Review for completeness, they will determine whether the incident will be referred for further investigation by OPCR and Internal Affairs, or whether the review will be closed without further investigation.

Deputy Chief Review

Following the secondary review, the MPD Deputy Chief of Internal Affairs shall review all level 3 reportable uses of force and level 2 reportable uses of force that involve a strike to the head or neck, for compliance with policy and law, the use of tactics, and for any need to change policy or training.

The purpose of this policy is to ensure that members’ use of force control options adheres to the force guiding principles described in P&P 5-301. The force guiding principles include, but are not limited to, the Sanctity of Life (as incorporated below), the Duty to De-escalate, and Objectively Reasonable, Necessary, and Proportional Force.

1. MPD and its members shall uphold the sanctity of life (P&P 0-102 and P&P 5-301) by striving to protect and preserve human life in all situations and keep the community and MPD members safe from harm.
2. The MPD recognizes that combative, non-compliant, armed or otherwise violent people may cause handling and control problems that require special training and equipment.
3. This policy provides definitions, authorizations, restrictions and prohibitions that apply to authorized and improvised use of force options.

Authorized Force Options and Improvised Force Options

All uses of force shall be in accordance with the standards and requirements in P&P 5-301.

1. Members shall only carry weapons and force devices and use weapons and force devices approved by MPD for which they are currently trained and authorized to use through the MPD Training Division, except in the rare circumstances described below in section [II-A-2].

1. An authorized device is a device a member has received permission from the MPD to carry and use in the discharge of that member’s duties, and for which the member has:

1. Completed the required training in the technical, mechanical and physical aspects of the device.

and

2. Developed a knowledge and understanding of the MPD policy, law, rules and regulations regarding the use of such a device.

2. Knives, utility tools, and medical shears are not MPD-approved weapons or force devices (P&P 3-203).

2. MPD Training provides the foundation for decision-making and the use of force. While this training is as comprehensive as possible, it is recognized that not all situations are linear, and that in rare circumstances it may be reasonably necessary for use of force to deviate from trained techniques.

1. Members shall only use improvised weapons when they lack an approved intermediate weapon as an alternative. In the event that a member’s use of force incorporates improvised weapons or techniques, the member shall still adhere to the force guiding principles and ensure their actions are objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional (P&P 5-301).

3. >Using empty hand techniques, a vehicle, intermediate weapon, or other improvised weapon may constitute the use of deadly force, depending on how the weapon or technique is used.

Carry Intermediate Weapons

1. While on-duty or while engaged in off-duty work, members wearing the Class ‘C’ uniform (P&P 3-114) who are carrying a firearm shall carry on their person the hand-held chemical aerosol (P&P 5-308), and either the CEW (when issued- see P&P 5-308) or the baton (P&P 5-310).

2. While on-duty or while engaged in off-duty work, members in modified uniforms, plainclothes, or civilian attire, whose duties routinely involve conducting enforcement activities and who are carrying a firearm, shall carry on their person at least one intermediate weapon.

Limitations and Prohibitions

Prone positioning

>In accordance with P&P 7-350, members shall not secure a person in any way that results in transporting the person face down in a vehicle. See P&P 7-350 for other conditions around prone positioning.

Prohibition on neck restraints and choke holds

Neck restraints and choke holds are prohibited. Instructors are prohibited from teaching the use of neck restraints or choke holds.

Prohibition on hogties

Hogtying a person is prohibited.

• A hogtie involves tying the feet of the person directly to their hands behind their back.

Prohibition on the Maximal Restraint Technique (MRT)

The Maximal Restraint Technique (MRT) and the Hobble Restraint Device (and related devices) are prohibited.

• The Maximal Restraint Technique (MRT) is a technique used to secure a person’s feet to their waist, through the Hobble Restraint Device or other related devices.

The purpose of this policy is to ensure that members who carry weapons and force devices, and who use weapons and force devices, including restraints, adhere to the force guiding principles described in P&P 5-301. The force guiding principles include, but are not limited to, the Sanctity of Life (as incorporated below), the Duty to De-escalate, and Objectively Reasonable, Necessary, and Proportional Force.

MPD and its members shall uphold the sanctity of life (P&P 0-102 and P&P 5-301) by striving to protect and preserve human life in all situations and keep the community and MPD members safe from harm.

Conditions for Use of Handcuffs

Handcuffs, including metal and temporary plastic handcuffs, shall only be used to restrain a person’s hands in accordance with the factors and requirements described below. In addition to the conditions in this policy, the use of handcuffs must be objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional, and members shall use the lowest degree of force necessary (P&P 5-301). When using handcuffs, members must apply the critical decision-making model (CDM) (P&P 7-801) to continually assess the situation and modulate their use accordingly as the subject behavior changes.

Situational factors

Situations in which handcuff use may be objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional can include the following (including during arrests, investigative detentions, execution of search warrants, etc.):

• Articulable facts that the person is physically uncooperative.
• Articulable facts that the person may present a physical danger to themselves or others if not physically restrained.
• Reasonable possibility of flight based on the totality of the circumstances.
• The person is under arrest and will be transported off-scene.
• Information that the person possesses or has access to weapons, and presents a danger to the safety of the member or others.
• Reasonable suspicion that the person was involved in a recent violent crime.
• Reasonable suspicion that the person is about to engage in a violent crime.
• The number of people involved in the action causes an articulable safety concern.

1. In accordance with P&P 5-302, members shall document the circumstances necessitating handcuffing in the Narrative Text.
2. When a person has been placed in handcuffs by another agency, members shall not place MPD handcuffs on the person until they have confirmed the factors necessitating handcuffs.

Handcuffing vulnerable populations

Consider individualized factors

In accordance with P&P 5-301, before handcuffing a person who is a minor, obviously pregnant, elderly, or frail, or who has another apparent physical condition, mental health condition, or developmental or intellectual disability or condition, limiting their ability to cause physical harm, or when handcuffing would exacerbate an injury or medical condition, members shall take into account individualized factors of the person including:

• Apparent age.
• Body size.
• Strength relative to the member.
• Known or perceived disabilities or conditions.
• Apparent ability to cause physical harm.
• Other risks posed by the person.

1. If necessary to handcuff such a person, the member shall document their considerations in the Narrative Text.

Handcuff use on minors limited

1. Members shall avoid, when feasible, the use of handcuffs on a minor who the members know, or reasonably should know through inquiry or observation, is under the age of 14.

Situations when it may not be feasible to avoid the use of handcuffs include transporting an arrested minor to the Juvenile Detention Center (JDC).

2. When feasible, members shall make reasonable attempts to notify a minor’s parent or guardian that the minor was handcuffed.

Explain the Use of Handcuffs

When feasible to do so, members should explain to the person prior to handcuffing why they will be handcuffed and the steps that will occur in the process.

Checking Handcuffs

1. Members shall check handcuffs for proper spacing and double lock as soon as it is safe to do so.

2. When a handcuffed person first complains that handcuffs are too tight or are causing pain, the member having custody of the handcuffed person shall, as soon as reasonably possible, check the handcuffs to make sure that they are properly spaced and properly applied. If they are not properly spaced or applied (per training), they shall be readjusted and double-locked.

Plastic Handcuffs

1. Plastic handcuffs may be used in mass arrest situations (P&P 7-805) when the conditions for standard handcuff use apply. They should be available in all Sergeants' vehicles.
2. Plastic handcuffs may also be used to supplement standard handcuffs in emergency situations.
3. When using plastic handcuffs, the member shall keep the person under close observation to prevent injury.

4. Members should be cognizant that plastic handcuffs may tighten when the person’s hands swell or move, sometimes simply in response to pain from the cuffs themselves.
5. Each unit involved in detention or transportation of arrestees with plastic handcuffs should have a plastic handcuff cutter and adequate supplies of extra plastic handcuffs readily available.

Prone Positioning and Transportation

In accordance with P&P 7-350:

1. People in MPD custody shall not be placed in the facedown prone position or any other position that causes a breathing restriction, other than briefly when necessary to secure the person or to prevent the person from causing harm to themselves or others.

2. If a person is in a position that causes a breathing restriction, for the purpose of securing the person or preventing the person from causing harm to self or others, the person shall be placed in a sitting position, or laying on their side, in a recovery position, as soon as safely possible for all parties. The purpose of placing the person in these positions it to allow the person to breathe freely, reducing the possibility of bodily harm or death from any part of the person’s respiratory system being restricted or manipulated.
3. Members shall not secure a person in any way that results in transporting the person face down in a vehicle.

Specifications for Handcuffs

1. Every member shall carry at least one set of handcuffs and the handcuff key while working in a uniform or plainclothes capacity.
2. Handcuffs shall comply with the following requirements:

1. Authorized Brands: Smith & Wesson or Peerless.

2. Authorized Styles: Hinged or Chain.
3. Double locking mechanism.
4. Black or Chrome finish.

The purpose of this policy is to ensure that members using empty hand techniques adhere to the force guiding principles described in P&P 5-301. The force guiding principles include, but are not limited to, the Sanctity of Life (as incorporated below), the Duty to De-escalate, and Objectively Reasonable, Necessary, and Proportional Force.

MPD and its members shall uphold the sanctity of life (P&P 0-102 and P&P 5-301) by striving to protect and preserve human life in all situations and keep the community and MPD members safe from harm.

Conditions for Use

Empty hand techniques may only be used in accordance with the requirements described below. In addition to the conditions in this policy, the use of empty hand techniques must be objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional, and members shall use the lowest degree of force necessary (P&P 5-301). When using empty hand techniques members must apply the critical decision-making model (CDM) (P&P 7-801) to continually assess the situation and modulate their use accordingly as the subject behavior changes.

Restriction on weaponless strikes

Weaponless strikes shall not be used with people who are complying with orders or are passively resisting as defined by policy.

Choke holds prohibited

In accordance with P&P 5-304, choke holds are prohibited. Accordingly, members shall not use their knees or other body parts to pin a subject’s neck to the ground.

Separate uses of force

Each use of empty hand techniques is a separate use of force that members must separately justify as objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional.

Treatment and Medical Aid

In accordance with P&P 5-301, any member who uses force shall, as soon as reasonably practical, determine if anyone displays a visible injury or signs of medical distress, has lost consciousness, has complained of injury or medical distress, or has requested medical attention, and shall render medical aid consistent with current training and request Emergency Medical Service (EMS) if necessary (in accordance with P&P 7-350). Members shall keep the person under close observation until they are released to medical or other law enforcement personnel.

The purpose of this policy is to ensure that members who carry weapons and force devices, and who use weapons and force devices, including impact projectiles and launchers, adhere to the force guiding principles described in P&P 5-301. The force guiding principles include, but are not limited to, the Sanctity of Life (as incorporated below), the Duty to De-escalate, and Objectively Reasonable, Necessary, and Proportional Force.

MPD and its members shall uphold the sanctity of life (P&P 0-102 and P&P 5-301) by striving to protect and preserve human life in all situations and keep the community and MPD members safe from harm.

This policy addresses impact projectile use. Chemical munitions are covered by P&P 5-313.

Impact Projectiles as an Intermediate Weapon

Impact projectiles are generally considered an intermediate weapon when delivered to areas of the person’s body that are considered unlikely to cause death or serious physical injury. Depending on how members use the projectiles, including factors such as distance from the person, vulnerability of the person, and the area of impact on the person’s body, impact projectiles could result in great bodily harm or death.

Civil Disturbances and Assemblies

1. All carrying and use of 40mm launchers and impact projectiles for crowd control purposes or during civil disturbances and assemblies shall only occur in accordance with P&P 7-805.

2. Bean bag shotguns and bean bag rounds shall not be carried or used for crowd control purposes.

Pointing an Impact Projectile Launcher

1. Members shall only point an impact projectile launcher at a person when there is an objectively reasonable belief that the use of impact projectiles may be necessary in the situation, as outlined in [II-D] and [II-E] below.

2. Unnecessarily pointing an impact projectile launcher may limit a member’s alternatives in controlling a situation and may inhibit or limit communication between the member and the person.

Conditions for Use on a Person

Impact projectiles may only be used on a person in accordance with the factors and requirements described below. In addition to the conditions in this policy, the use of impact projectiles must be objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional, and members shall use the lowest degree of force necessary (P&P 5-301). When using impact projectiles members must apply the critical decision-making model (CDM) (P&P 7-801) to continually assess the situation and modulate their use accordingly as the subject behavior changes.

Subject factors

Members shall only discharge impact projectiles at a person when:

1. Such force is necessary to protect the member, the person, or another party from objectively imminent substantial bodily harm or greater.

or

2. Both of the following apply:

1. The member has reasonable suspicion to believe the person has committed one of the following offenses:

• Sexual assault involving the use or threatened use of a dangerous weapon.
• Homicide.
• 1st and 2nd degree assault.
• Aggravated robbery.
• Kidnapping.
• Firearms- felony firearm discharges, firearm pointing in violation of MN Statute section 609.66 Dangerous Weapons.

and

2. Such force is necessary to place the person into custody or take control of the situation. Force may only be considered necessary when no reasonably effective alternative exists, meaning lower degrees of force or alternatives to force did not work, would not work, were not feasible or were too unsafe to attempt (P&P 5-301).

or

3. A SWAT supervisor approves use by a member working in a SWAT capacity to provide a tactical advantage, in order to place the person into custody or take control of the situation, and no reasonably effective alternative exists meaning lower degrees of force or alternatives to force did not work, would not work, were not feasible or were too unsafe to attempt. This does not apply to the use of impact projectiles for crowd control purposes or during civil disturbances and assemblies (which shall only occur in accordance with P&P 7-805).

Consider vulnerable people

Members must consider the possible heightened risk of injury and adverse societal reaction to the use of impact projectiles upon certain people.

1. Except where deadly force is the only other option, members shall not discharge impact projectiles at a person when a reasonable officer would know that the person is:

• Pregnant.
• Elderly.
• A small minor.
• A visibly frail person.

2. Members must be able to articulate a correspondingly heightened justification when they discharge impact projectiles at a person when a reasonable officer would know the person is:

• Any minor (under the age of 18).
• A person in crisis (P&P 7-803).

Target areas

1. The primary target areas for impact projectiles should be the large muscle groups in the lower extremities including the buttocks, thigh, and knees. Alternative target areas include the abdominal area to the waist.

2. Members shall be aware that the delivery of impact projectiles to certain parts of the human body can cause grievous injury that can lead to a permanent physical or mental incapacity or possible death.This could include loss of vision, damage to organs, skull fractures, brain injury, etc.
3. Members shall not intentionally discharge impact projectiles at a person’s head, neck, throat, face, chest, armpit, spine, or groin unless deadly force would be authorized.

Consider risks and other means of control

Prior to discharging impact projectiles at a person, members shall consider:

1. Any risks to the public or to the members.
2. Whether the person could be controlled by any other reasonable means without unnecessary risk to the person, members, or to the public.

Separate uses of force

Each impact projectile discharge at a person is a separate use of force that members must separately justify as objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional.

Conditions for Use on a Surface

Impact projectiles may only be used on a surface in accordance with the factors and requirements described below. In addition to the conditions in this policy, the use of impact projectiles must be objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional, and members are reminded that they shall use the lowest degree of force necessary (P&P 5-301). When using impact projectiles members must apply the Critical Decision-Making Model (CDM) (P&P 7-801) to continually assess the situation and modulate their use accordingly as the subject behavior change.

Authorization

Members shall only discharge impact projectiles at a surface such as a window, structure or stationary vehicle in one of the following situations:

1. For life-saving purposes.

2. When approved by the Chief or the Chief’s designee.
3. When an occupant of a vehicle who is reasonably believed to be armed with a firearm refuses to exit the vehicle following a lawful command to do so, a SWAT supervisor can approve the use of impact projectiles on the vehicle.
4. As a means to breach a structure and communicate with the occupants or introduce technology such as unmanned aerial systems (P&P 4-226) or reconnaissance robots into the structure, and such use of the impact projectiles is approved by a SWAT supervisor. Deployment in this situation is intended to allow for de-escalation tactics such as establishing new lines of communication or observation.
5. To break a window to allow for delivery of chemical munitions, when the chemical munition use has been authorized in accordance with P&P 5-313.

Method of use

When using an impact projectile on a surface, the impact projectile may only be used in one of these ways:

1. Directed away from the person’s location as a distraction.

or

2. Used to breach a window.

Consider risks

Prior to using impact projectiles on a surface, members need to consider the risks to any person who may be struck by the projectile or by debris caused by the projectile’s impact on the surface.

Announcements

It is important that whenever possible, all members involved, and possible responding members, know that an impact projectile is being discharged so they do not mistake the sight and noise from the impact projectile discharge as a live ammunition discharge. In addition to the requirements in “Identify Self and Warn of Intent” in P&P 5-301:

1. Members shall announce over the radio that an impact projectile will be discharged, when time and tactics permit.

2. Whenever feasible, members who discharge impact projectiles should yell "Code Orange!" prior to and during the discharge.

Note: Impact projectile launchers have an orange barrel indicating they are intermediate weapons (see the specifications in section [M]).

Requesting a 40mm Operator

If a supervisor or responding member believes that there is a call or incident that may require 40mm capability, they may request via radio or other means that an on-duty MPD-trained operator with a 40mm launcher respond to the scene.

Carrying, Storage and Tracking of 40mm Launchers

1. 40mm launchers shall be assigned to each precinct, City Hall and specialty units as needed. Only certified operators are authorized to carry 40mm launchers.

2. Each 40mm launcher shall be kept its own case and in a secured gun locker.
3. All 40mm rounds stored at the precincts shall be checked out by a supervisor, except in emergency circumstances. Operators shall check their unused 40mm rounds back in with a supervisor at the end of their shift. The Operator and a Supervisor shall sign the rounds out and back in using the 40mm Sign-Out Sheet.
4. Patrol supervisors shall assign at least one 40mm launcher to a certified operator at the start of the shift (if the shift has an operator who is current with their certification).
5. MPD-trained operators shall have the 40mm launchers available during their assigned shift, when possible.

Collecting Spent Projectiles

Supervisors and operators shall ensure that all spent impact projectiles are collected and property inventoried if possible (P&P 10-400).

Maintenance of Impact Projectile Launchers

Only MPD certified Range personnel and trained SWAT personnel shall perform maintenance and repairs to the 40mm launcher and bean bag shotgun.

Treatment and Medical Aid

In addition to standard medical treatment after uses of force (in accordance with P&P 5-301 and P&P 7-350), when a person is struck by an impact projectile, treatment for the person shall include visually inspecting the areas struck for signs of injury, when appropriate. Members shall keep the person under close observation until they are released to medical or other law enforcement personnel.

Training Required

1. Only members who have completed the required training in the use of the 40mm launcher and 40mm rounds are authorized to carry and use them.

2. Only members who have completed the required training in the use of bean bag rounds and bean bag shotguns are authorized to carry and use them.

Specifications for Impact Projectile Launchers and Impact Projectiles

1. Members are only authorized to carry MPD approved 40mm launchers that are issued by the Department. Personally owned 40mm launchers, or those issued by another agency, are not authorized to be carried or utilized while an MPD member is acting in their official MPD capacity.

1. The approved 40mm launchers for the 40mm Operator Program (patrol) are:

• 40mm LMT Tactical Single Launcher.

2. The approved 40mm launchers for SWAT are:

• 40mm LMT Tactical Single Launcher (or similar type by another manufacturer).

3. 40mm launchers shall be clearly marked with orange on the barrel, indicating that they are an intermediate weapon.

2. Members shall only carry MPD approved 40mm rounds that are issued by the Department.

1. The approved 40mm rounds for the 40mm Operator Program (patrol) are:

• Defense Technology eXact iMpact 40mm Standard Range Sponge Round.

2. The approved types of 40mm rounds for SWAT are:

• Defense Technology eXact iMpact 40mm Standard Range Sponge Round (or similar type by another manufacturer).
• Defense Technology eXact iMpact LE 40mm Extended Range Sponge Round (or similar type by another manufacturer).
• Defense Technology Direct Impact 40mm Marking Crushable Foam Round (or similar type by another manufacturer).
• Defense Technology Direct Impact 40mm OC Crushable Foam Round (or similar type by another manufacturer). See also P&P 5-313.
• Defense Technology Direct Impact 40mm CS Crushable Foam Round (or similar type by another manufacturer). See also P&P 5-313.

3. The Range Master may temporarily authorize additional rounds of similar type based on supply issues or interruptions.

3. The MPD Range shall issue 40mm rounds with each launcher depending on the needs of the 40mm Operator Program.

4. Members are only authorized to carry MPD approved bean bag shotguns that are issued by the Department.

1. The approved bean bag shotgun for use with bean bag rounds is:

• Remington 870 12-Gauge Shotgun.

2. Bean bag shotguns shall only be used with bean bag rounds. Members shall not use bean bag shotguns with lethal ammunition.
3. Bean bag shotguns shall be clearly marked with orange on the barrel, indicating that they are intended for use with impact projectiles.

5. Members shall only carry MPD-approved bean bag rounds issued by the Department and shall only use them with the approved bean bag shotgun.

1. The approved bean bag rounds are:

• Combined Systems, Inc. 2581 – 12GA Super-Sock Bean Bag Point Control Impact Munition.
• Defense Technology Drag Stabilized 12-Gauge Bean Bag Round.

The purpose of this policy is to ensure that members who carry weapons and force devices, and who use weapons and force devices, including chemical aerosols, adhere to the force guiding principles described in P&P 5-301. The force guiding principles include, but are not limited to, the Sanctity of Life (as incorporated below), the Duty to De-escalate, and Objectively Reasonable, Necessary, and Proportional Force.

MPD and its members shall uphold the sanctity of life (P&P 0-102 and P&P 5-301) by striving to protect and preserve human life in all situations and keep the community and MPD members safe from harm.

This policy addresses hand-held, pressurized, containerized, chemical aerosols. Chemical munitions are covered by P&P 5-313.

Chemical Aerosols as Intermediate Weapons

The MPD approved chemical aerosol is an intermediate weapon.

Chemical aerosols are generally intended to cause the eyes and respiratory tract to become inflamed and irritated. Physical effects can include involuntary closing of the eyes, the sensation of difficulty breathing, coughing, discharge of mucous, lack of coordination and nausea. When properly used, chemical aerosols are usually effective in incapacitating most people temporarily, without permanent injury, though the effectiveness varies from person to person.

Civil Disturbances and Assemblies

During civil disturbances and assemblies, chemical aerosols, regardless of canister size, shall only be discharged when authorized in accordance with P&P 7-805.

Conditions for Use

Chemical aerosols may only be used on a person in accordance with the factors and requirements described below. In addition to the conditions in this policy, the use of chemical aerosols must be objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional, and members shall use the lowest degree of force necessary (P&P 5-301). When using chemical aerosols members must apply the critical decision-making model (CDM) (P&P 7-801) to continually assess the situation and modulate their use accordingly as the subject behavior changes.

Permitted use

Chemical aerosols may be used when objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional, on a person who is actively resisting or to prevent imminent physical harm.

People in restraints

1. Members shall not use chemical aerosols on any person who is handcuffed or otherwise physically restrained, unless the person presents an imminent threat of physical harm to the safety of the member, the person themselves, or others.

2. Prior to using chemical aerosols on the physically restrained person, members must first attempt to exercise additional control over the person using empty hand techniques other than strikes (P&P 5-306), when feasible.
3. Members shall only use chemical aerosols against the physically restrained person once all feasible empty hand techniques other than strikes (P&P 5-306) have been attempted by the member, and if the imminent threat of physical harm persists.

Compliant and passively resisting people

Members shall not discharge chemical aerosols at people who are complying with orders or are passively resisting as defined by policy.

Restricted use on people in a car

Members shall not discharge chemical aerosols at a person in a car, unless all of the following apply:

• The person presents an imminent threat of physical harm to a member or others.
• No reasonably effective alternative exists, meaning lower degrees of force or alternatives to force such as de-escalation techniques and tactics did not work, would not work, were not feasible or were too unsafe to attempt (P&P 5-301).

1. Members shall consider whether incapacitating the driver with the chemical aerosol poses risks to passengers or others nearby and shall consider whether there are others nearby or passengers in the vehicle who could be adversely affected.
2. If members discharge chemical aerosols at a person in a car, members shall allow available air circulation, which could include opening doors or windows or allowing the person to exit the vehicle.

Consider vulnerable people

Members must consider the possible heightened risk and adverse societal reaction to the use of chemical aerosols upon certain people.

1. Unless such force is necessary to protect the member, the person posing the risk, or another person from objectively imminent physical harm, members shall not discharge chemical aerosols at a person when a reasonable officer would know that the person is:

• Pregnant.
• Elderly.
• A small minor.
• A visibly frail person.
• A person with a pre-existing condition (such as asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, or heart ailment) that may be aggravated by the chemical aerosol.

2. Members shall also consider whether there is a risk of exposing vulnerable people who may be nearby when discharging chemical aerosols.

People swallowing narcotics

Discharging chemical aerosols to prevent the swallowing or ingesting of narcotics is prohibited. See P&P 7-350 for requirements around medical treatment when a person may have swallowed narcotics or have narcotics in their mouth.

Tactics and Requirements When Using Chemical Aerosols

Only deliver chemical aerosols to intended people

Members shall only discharge chemical aerosols at intended people and shall exercise due care to minimize exposure of non-targeted people. Members shall consider the risk of unintended exposure.

Warning required

Prior to discharging a chemical aerosol, members shall provide oral warnings indicating that they intend to use chemical aerosols unless the person submits to their authority, when it is feasible to do so (in accordance with P&P 5-301).

1. Members shall allow a reasonable amount of time for a person to comply with a warning, when feasible to do so.

2. The warning shall only occur in situations that a member reasonably believes may result in the use of the chemical aerosol.

Re-assess after discharge

Chemical aerosols that emit a stream shall be discharged in one to two second bursts, except in rare circumstances where there is an imminent threat of physical harm and pausing to reassess is not feasible. After each discharge of a chemical aerosol members shall stop, re-assess the situation and subject behavior, and determine whether any subsequent discharges are objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional.

Separate uses of force

Each discharge of a chemical aerosol is a separate use of force that members must separately justify as objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional.

Treatment and Aid for Chemical Aerosol Exposure

1. In addition to standard medical treatment after uses of force (in accordance with P&P 5-301 and P&P 7-350), post exposure treatment for a person that has been exposed to the chemical aerosol shall include as many of the following as possible:

• Removing the affected person from the area of exposure.
• Exposing the affected person to fresh air.
• Rinsing the eyes and skin of the affected person with cool water (if available).
• Placing the person in an upright seated position, or if that is not feasible, in the side recovery position.

2. A person who has been exposed to a chemical aerosol shall not be left lying on their stomach once handcuffed or restrained.
3. Members shall keep a person exposed to the chemical aerosol under close observation until they are released to medical or other law enforcement personnel and shall watch for symptoms of a significant adverse reaction, which could include, but are not limited to blistering, burns, difficulty breathing, excessive pain, visual disturbance, or an altered mental state.

1. If the person exhibits such symptoms after having flushed the affected areas, or the person indicates that they have a pre-existing condition (such as asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, or a heart ailment) that may be aggravated by the chemical aerosol, members shall arrange for immediate transportation to a hospital for medical treatment.

4. When transferring custody of a person that has been exposed to chemical aerosols, the members shall notify the entity accepting custody of the exposure.

Training Required

MPD members shall only be issued, carry and use chemical aerosols if they have successfully completed approved annual training on chemical aerosols.

Specifications for Chemical Aerosols

1. Every sworn member shall carry a 4 oz. canister of chemical aerosol on their person at all times while working in uniform.

2. Canisters larger than 4 oz. may be carried by members when authorized by a supervisor.
3. Members shall not carry expired canisters of chemical aerosol. Prior to expiration, members shall coordinate with the Range to exchange the older canister for a replacement.
4. Members are only authorized to carry chemical aerosols that are issued by the Department. Personally owned chemical aerosols, or those issued by another agency, are not authorized to be carried or utilized while a member is acting in their official MPD capacity.
5. Authorized chemical aerosols are:

1. Aerko, 1% CS/1% OC Solution.

• Freeze +P 4 oz 2k3.
• Deep Freeze 15.7 oz MK9 Streamer.

2. Defense Technology OC Solution.

• 12oz MK9 Streamer, .2%.

• 12oz MK9 Streamer, .4%.
• 12oz MK9 Streamer, .7%.
• 12oz MK9 Streamer, 1.3%.

3. Sabre OC Solution.

• 16oz MK9 Streamer, .67%.
• 16oz MK9 Streamer, 1/3%.

4. Defense Technology OC Solution- these shall only be carried by MPD SWAT members when directed by the SWAT supervisor.

• 12oz MK-9S Vapor, .7%.
• 12oz MK-9S, Vapor 1.3%.

The purpose of this policy is to establish guidelines for deployment of conducted energy weapons (CEWs) and to ensure that members who carry weapons and force devices, and who use weapons and force devices, including CEWs, adhere to the force guiding principles described in P&P 5-301. The force guiding principles include, but are not limited to, the Sanctity of Life (as incorporated below), the Duty to De-escalate, and Objectively Reasonable, Necessary, and Proportional Force.

MPD and its members shall uphold the sanctity of life (P&P 0-102 and P&P 5-301) by striving to protect and preserve human life in all situations and keep the community and MPD members safe from harm.

CEW as an Intermediate Weapon

The MPD approved Conducted Energy Weapon (CEW) is an intermediate weapon, but can result in great bodily harm or death depending on how members use the CEW, situational factors, vulnerability of the person, duration of exposure, the area of impact on the person’s body, etc.

Conditions for Use

CEWs may only be used on a person in accordance with the factors and requirements described below. In addition to the conditions in this policy, the use of CEWs must be objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional, and members shall use the lowest degree of force necessary (P&P 5-301). When using CEWs members must apply the critical decision-making model (CDM) (P&P 7-801) to continually assess the situation and modulate their use accordingly as the subject behavior changes.

Use on a person who is not fleeing

Members shall only deploy a CEW at a person who is not fleeing when both of the following conditions apply:

1. There is probable cause for arrest or reasonable suspicion for detention.

and

2. Such force is necessary to protect the member, the fleeing person, or another person from objectively imminent physical harm.

Use on a fleeing person

Members should be aware that deploying a CEW at a person who is fleeing may result in serious physical injury, depending on the surface and surrounding environment. Therefore, the following conditions apply:

1. Flight shall never be the sole reason for members to deploy a CEW at a person.
2. Members shall only deploy a CEW at a person who is fleeing when either:

1. The member has probable cause to believe the person has committed one of the following serious or violent felonies or violent misdemeanors:

Violent crimes, including crimes such as:

• Any assault (including domestic assault).
• The attempt or act of murder.
• Violent sex crimes.
• Robbery.
• Arson.
• Kidnapping.
• Carjacking.
• Felony firearm discharges.
• Firearm pointing in violation of MN Statute section 609.66 Dangerous Weapons.
• 1st degree burglary.

And these specific non-violent felonies:

• Auto theft (not including theft from motor vehicle).
• 2nd and 3rd degree burglary.

or

2. Such force is necessary to protect the member, the fleeing person, or another person from objectively imminent physical harm.

Consider vulnerable people

Members must consider the possible heightened risk of injury and adverse societal reaction to the use of CEWs upon certain people.

1. Except where deadly force is the only other option, members shall not deploy a CEW at or re-energize a CEW on a person when a reasonable officer would know that the person is:

• Pregnant.
• Elderly.
• A small minor.
• An infirm or visibly frail person, or person with a very thin stature or low body mass (i.e., may have thin chest walls).

2. Members must be able to articulate a correspondingly heightened justification when they deploy a CEW at or re-energize a CEW on a person when a reasonable officer would know the person is:

• Any minor (under the age of 18).

• A person in crisis (P&P 7-803).

3. Members shall not deploy a CEW at or re-energize a CEW on a person solely because they are exhibiting signs of a crisis (P&P 7-803). The other conditions in this policy must apply.
4. In accordance with the requirement that the use of CEWs must be objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional, members shall only use a CEW on a minor when no reasonably effective alternative exists, meaning lower degrees of force or alternatives to force such as de-escalation techniques and tactics did not work, would not work, were not feasible or were too unsafe to attempt.

Situational factors

Except where deadly force is the only other option, members shall not deploy a CEW at or re-energize a CEW on a person in situations when it is reasonably evident that activation may cause serious physical injury. Such situations include, but are not limited to:

• On a person in an elevated position who might be at risk of falling from a significant height, onto a sharp object, or onto a dangerous surface.
• On a person who may fall from a vehicle in motion.
• On a person who is in physical control of a vehicle in motion.
• On a person who might be in danger of drowning.
• In an environment in which combustible vapors and liquids or other flammable substances are present.
• On a person who has been exposed to chemical aerosols or chemical munitions.
• On a person who has been exposed to flammable material, such as gasoline or an alcohol-based pepper spray.
• In similar situations involving heightened risk of serious injury or death to the person.

People in restraints

1. Members shall not deploy a CEW at or re-energize a CEW on any person who is handcuffed or otherwise restrained, unless the person presents an imminent physical threat to the safety of the member, the person themself, or others.

2. Prior to deploying a CEW at or re-energizing a CEW on a restrained person, members must first attempt to exercise additional control over the person using empty hand techniques other than strikes (P&P 5-306), when feasible.
3. Members shall only deploy a CEW at or re-energize a CEW on a restrained person once all feasible empty hand techniques other than strikes (P&P 5-306) have been attempted by the member, and if the imminent threat of physical harm persists.

Drive-stun mode is prohibited

The CEW model authorized and issued by the Department does not come equipped with a drive-stun mode, and using a drive-stun mode is prohibited.

Tactics and Requirements When Using a CEW

Warnings and announcements

In addition to the requirements in “Identify Self and Warn of Intent” in P&P 5-301:

1. Whenever feasible, members who deploy a CEW should attempt to yell "taser, taser, taser!" prior to or during the deployment.

2. In situations that a member reasonably believes may result in the authorized use of a CEW, the member should consider using the CEW warning alert or laser painting (a form of pointing a CEW also sometimes called “red dotting”), which may be effective at diffusing a situation prior to actual deployment.

Targeting the CEW

When they deploy a CEW, members shall target the person’s back or lower center mass. The CEW shall not be intentionally targeted at the person’s head, neck, chest or groin.

Cycles and deployment of additional probes

Initial deployment

Each trigger pull deploys a single probe. A minimum of two deployed probes are required to make a connection. The second probe should be deployed as quickly and accurately as possible to ensure a full-circuit connection. The initial deployment of two probes is considered a single use of force.

Additional probes

Each deployment beyond the initial two probes is a separate use of force that members must separately justify as objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional. Additional probes may be deployed when the conditions for use still apply, and:

• The probes have not completed a circuit.
• The probes have completed a circuit, but the circuit is not resulting in a sufficient change in the person’s behavior. For example, the position of the probes results only in localized pain and the subject behavior continues.
• A previously completed circuit fails.

Re-energizing

After the conclusion of a cycle where neuro-muscular incapacitation has been achieved, the member shall assess the person to determine if an additional cycle is necessary based on the person’s behavior. Re-energizing the CEW is a separate use of force that members must separately justify as objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional.

1. In determining whether any additional cycle is objectively reasonable, members shall consider whether the person has the ability to comply and has been given a reasonable opportunity to comply prior to re-energizing the CEW.

2. If subsequent cycles are necessary, members shall restrict the number and duration to only the minimum amount necessary to place the person into custody or safely control the situation, and subject to the limits stated below in [II-C-3-d].

Three complete cycles or 15-second limit

Members shall not energize a CEW on a person for more than three complete cycles or 15 total seconds during a single incident unless deadly force is authorized, and no other non-deadly force option is feasible.

If deadly force is not authorized and members have energized a CEW on a person for three complete cycles or 15 total seconds and the person continues to present the same subject behavior, members shall not continue with the CEW and shall transition to other control options.

Quickly control during the cycle

Members should consider attempting to control (and disarm when applicable) the person during the CEW cycle, when feasible. By controlling the person during the cycle, members can minimize the likelihood that the subject behavior continues, reducing the need for additional cycles.

Only one member deploys at a time

Only one member shall intentionally deploy a CEW at or re-energize a CEW on a person at the same time.

Holstering on weak side

The CEW shall be holstered on the member’s weak (support) side, on the member’s belt or vest, to avoid the accidental drawing or firing of their firearm.

Function Test Required

All members who have been issued a CEW shall conduct a function test at the start of any shift in a uniformed capacity. Any damage or issues with operability shall be reported to the member’s supervisor and to the MPD Training Division immediately upon discovery.

Loss or Damage

Lost, damaged or inoperative CEWs shall be reported to the member’s supervisor and to the MPD Training Division immediately upon the discovery of the loss, damage or inoperative condition.

Uploading and Inventorying

CEW uploading guidelines

1. Whenever the CEW is armed during an incident, the member shall dock the CEW battery prior to the end of their shift, so the device log and audit trail can be uploaded (arming a CEW begins entries in the device log).

2. In a critical incident, CEWs will be managed by the investigating agency.

Inventorying cartridges

Members shall inventory the deployed cartridges and probes (P&P 10-400).

Treatment and Medical Aid

In addition to standard medical treatment after uses of force (in accordance with P&P 5-301 and P&P 7-350), post exposure treatment for a person that has been struck by CEW probes shall include the following:

Probe removal

1. Members may remove CEW probes only if all the following conditions are met, otherwise the probes shall be removed by appropriate medical personnel:

• The member has received training on at least an annual basis on the medical implications of CEW use, mechanisms to remove probes with limited pain, and infection control.
• The probes are not embedded in a sensitive area (face, neck, groin or breast area).
• The member has assessed the person and determined that there are no indications of lasting effects from the CEW use.
• The member is wearing protective gloves and has adequate medical equipment including bandages and alcohol wipes.
• The probes are removed in the presence of a second member.

2. If removing probes, members shall secure the probes (biohazard “sharps”) point down into the expended cartridge and seal with a safety cover.

Inspect application sites

1. When appropriate, members shall visually inspect probe entry sites for signs of injury.

2. When appropriate, members shall photograph probe entry sites.

Monitor the person

Members shall keep the person under close observation until they are released to medical or other law enforcement personnel and shall inform medical personnel of the CEW use.

Training and Certification Required

Members shall only be issued, carry and use CEWs if they have successfully completed approved annual training on CEWs, including a testing component, and are currently certified.

Specifications for CEWs

1. Members shall carry a CEW (if issued) while working in a uniform capacity.
2. Members are only authorized to carry CEWs that are issued by the Department. Personally owned CEWs and those issued by another agency are not authorized to be carried or utilized while a member is acting in their official MPD capacity.
3. The approved CEW issued by MPD is:

• Axon TASER 10.

This model is not equipped with a drive-stun mode.

The purpose of this policy is to ensure that members who carry weapons and force devices, and who use weapons and force devices, including batons, adhere to the force guiding principles described in P&P 5-301. The force guiding principles include, but are not limited to, the Sanctity of Life (as incorporated below), the Duty to De-escalate, and Objectively Reasonable, Necessary, and Proportional Force.

MPD and its members shall uphold the sanctity of life (P&P 0-102 and P&P 5-301) by striving to protect and preserve human life in all situations and keep the community and MPD members safe from harm.

Impact Weapons as Intermediate Weapons

MPD approved batons are generally considered intermediate weapons, but can result in great bodily harm or death depending on how members use the baton.

Civil Disturbances and Assemblies

During civil disturbances and assemblies, batons shall only be used when authorized in accordance with P&P 7-805.

Conditions for Use

Batons may only be used on a person in accordance with the requirements described below. In addition to the conditions in this policy, the use of batons must be objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional, and members shall use the lowest degree of force necessary (P&P 5-301). When using batons members must apply the critical decision-making model (CDM) (P&P 7-801) to continually assess the situation and modulate their use accordingly as the subject behavior changes.

Restrictions on baton strikes

Imminent harm

1. Batons shall only be used to strike a person to protect the member, the person, or anyone else from objectively imminent physical harm.
2. Batons shall not be used to strike a person who is handcuffed or otherwise restrained unless deadly force is the only other option.
3. Members shall consider the ability of vulnerable people to cause physical harm or likelihood of injury and likelihood of injury to the vulnerable person (P&P 5-301).

Target areas

1. The primary target areas for baton strikes are the arms and legs. Alternative target areas include the abdominal area to the waist.

2. Members shall not intentionally use a baton to strike a person’s head, neck, throat, face, sternum, armpit, spine, kidneys, or groin unless deadly force would be authorized.

Separate uses of force

Each baton strike is a separate use of force that members must separately justify as objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional.

Treatment and Medical Aid

1. In addition to standard medical treatment after uses of force (in accordance with P&P 5-301 and P&P 7-350), treatment for a person that has been struck with a baton shall include visually inspecting the areas struck for signs of injury, when appropriate.
2. If a person has been struck with a baton, members shall keep the person under close observation until they are released to medical or other law enforcement personnel.

Training Required

Members shall only be issued, carry and use batons if they have successfully completed approved annual training on batons, including baton pushes, baton shoves, and baton strikes.

Specifications for Duty Batons

1. If a member has not been issued a CEW, they shall carry a duty baton while working in a Class ‘C’ uniform (P&P 3-114). Duty batons are optional for members carrying a CEW.

2. The duty baton shall comply with the following requirements:

1. Authorized Brands- ASP or Monadnock.
2. Overall extended length not to exceed 26 inches.
3. Black or Chrome finish.

Specifications for Riot Sticks

1. Every member working in a uniformed capacity shall keep a riot stick readily available (e.g. in the squad) for response to civil disturbances when needed (P&P 7-805).
2. Members shall only carry the riot stick issued to them by the MPD.

3. The Department-issued riot stick is the:

• Monadnock Wood Straight 36 inch Baton.

The purpose of this policy is to ensure that members’ use of canines adheres to the force guiding principles described in P&P 5-301. The force guiding principles include, but are not limited to, the Sanctity of Life (as incorporated below), the Duty to De-escalate, and Objectively Reasonable, Necessary, and Proportional Force.

MPD and its members shall uphold the sanctity of life (P&P 0-102 and P&P 5-301) by striving to protect and preserve human life in all situations and keep the community and MPD members safe from harm.

This policy covers canine apprehensions and accidental bites. Other canine uses are covered in P&P 7-807.

Conditions for Use

Canine apprehensions may only be used on a person in accordance with the factors and requirements described below. In addition to the conditions in this policy, the use of canine apprehensions must be objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional, and members shall use the lowest degree of force necessary (P&P 5-301). When using canines, members must apply the critical decision-making model (CDM) (P&P 7-801) to continually assess the situation and modulate their use accordingly as the subject behavior changes (see also the section below on disengaging).

Deploying canines

Members shall only deploy a canine in accordance with P&P 7-807 Authorized Use of Canines.

In accordance with P&P 7-807, Department canines may only be used to search for or apprehend a person if:

1. The canine handler reasonably believes that the person has either committed or is about to commit a serious offense.

and

2. Any of the following conditions exist:

• There is a reasonable belief that the person poses an immediate threat of violence or serious harm to the public or any member.
• The person is actively resisting or aggressively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest, and the use of a canine is reasonably necessary force under the circumstances to overcome such resistance or prevent the escape of the person.
• The person is believed to be concealed in an area where entry by a member would pose a threat to the safety of members or the public.

Warnings and announcements

In addition to the requirements in “Identify Self and Warn of Intent” in P&P 5-301:

1. Whenever feasible, the required warning shall be given loud enough to be reasonably heard by anyone nearby (in addition to the person who is the subject of the search or apprehension) prior to deploying the canine, and shall include the following additional components:

• The identification of the MPD.
• That the canine is being released.
• That the person is under arrest.
• That the person may be bitten by the canine.

Consider vulnerable populations

In accordance with P&P 5-301, members shall consider the characteristics and conditions of vulnerable people when determining the lowest degree of force necessary, and shall calibrate their force practices accordingly.

Vulnerable people may not have the ability to comprehend the threat associated with the deployment of a canine against them, may fail to comply with orders or not fully understand orders of the canine handler, or may act in an unpredictable manner that could impact the decision to deploy a canine.

Disengaging Canines

When used for canine apprehensions, handlers shall disengage canines as soon as reasonably possible after the person is able to be controlled or secured (in accordance with the policy on modulating force in P&P 5-301).

Treatment and Medical Aid

1. Members are responsible for ensuring any person injured by an MPD canine receives medical treatment as soon as reasonably possible (P&P 5-301 and P&P 7-350).

2. Members shall request an ambulance to the scene after any canine apprehension or accidental bite.

Sergeant Notifications and Review

1. The canine handler shall notify the Canine Sergeants immediately after any canine apprehension or accidental bite.

2. Canine Officers will be debriefed by Canine Sergeants and trainers as soon as possible following notification.
3. The Canine Sergeant shall complete the required force review in accordance with P&P 5-303. If a Canine Sergeant is not available, another MPD Sergeant may be asked to do the force review (in accordance with P&P 5-303).

Documentation

The following steps are required in addition to the documentation requirements in P&P 5-302 and P&P 5-303:

1. Canine handlers shall photograph all injuries and ensure the images are uploaded in accordance with P&P 10-400.

2. Upon notification of a canine apprehension or accidental bite, a Canine Sergeant shall complete the K-9 Unit Apprehension Review form (MP-9090) and will send it electronically to the members of the review panel.

Reviews

All canine apprehensions undergo force reviews, and all canine apprehensions and accidental bites undergo a review by the canine review panel and a review by the appropriate MPD force review board.

The purpose of this policy is to ensure that members who carry weapons and force devices, and who use weapons and force devices, including firearms, adhere to the force guiding principles described in P&P 5-301. The force guiding principles include, but are not limited to, the Sanctity of Life (as incorporated below), the Duty to De-escalate, and Objectively Reasonable, Necessary, and Proportional Force.

MPD and its members shall uphold the sanctity of life (P&P 0-102 and P&P 5-301) by striving to protect and preserve human life in all situations and keep the community and MPD members safe from harm.

This policy covers uses of force involving firearms. Other requirements for handling of firearms, training, equipment specifications, etc. are primarily covered in P&P 5-400.

This policy does not cover impact projectiles and launchers (P&P 5-307), conducted energy weapons (CEWs) (P&P 5-309), or chemical munitions (P&P 5-313).

Authorized Use of Deadly Force

In accordance with P&P 5-301:

The authority to use deadly force is a critical responsibility that shall be exercised judiciously and with respect for human rights, dignity and respect for the sanctity of every human life, and shall always be the last resort.

Deadly force shall not be used against a person whose conduct is only a threat to property.

1. The use of deadly force by a peace officer in the line of duty is justified only if an objectively reasonable officer would believe, based on the totality of the circumstances known to the officer at the time and without the benefit of hindsight, that such force is necessary (MN Statute section 609.066 Subd. 2):

1. To protect the peace officer or another from death or great bodily harm, provided that the threat:

1. Can be articulated with specificity and 
2. Is reasonably likely to occur absent action by the law enforcement officer and
3. Must be addressed through the use of deadly force without unreasonable delay.

or

2. To effect the arrest or capture, or prevent the escape, of a person, when both of the following apply:

1. The peace officer knows or has reasonable grounds to believe the person has committed or attempted to commit a felony and
2. The officer reasonably believes that the person will cause death or great bodily harm to another person under the threat criteria in clause [1-a], items [i] to [iii], unless immediately apprehended.

2. A peace officer shall not use deadly force against a person based on the danger the person poses to self if an objectively reasonable officer would believe, based on the totality of the circumstances known to the officer at the time, and without the benefit of hindsight, that the person does not pose a threat of death or great bodily harm to the peace officer or to another under the threat criteria as detailed in this policy in clause [1-a], items [i] to [iii] (MN Statute section 609.066 Subd. 2).
3. Before using deadly force, members shall first consider all reasonably safe and feasible alternatives (MN Statute section 626.8452 Subd. 1a).

This means that members shall not use deadly force unless they have exhausted feasible de-escalation techniques and tactics, and intermediate weapons or empty hand techniques have been tried, have failed, or would be impractical or unsafe based on the totality of the circumstances.

Conditions for Use

Firearms may only be used in accordance with the factors and requirements described below. In addition to the conditions in this policy, the use of firearms must be objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional, and members shall use the lowest degree of force necessary (P&P 5-301). When using firearms members must apply the critical decision-making model (CDM) (P&P 7-801) to continually assess the situation and modulate their use accordingly as the subject behavior change.

Displaying a firearm or pointing a firearm

1. Because firearms are a type of lethal or deadly force, members shall only display or point a firearm if there is an objectively reasonable belief that the situation may escalate to create an imminent threat of death or great bodily harm to the member or another person.

• Members shall not point firearms with a tactical flashlight mounted solely to illuminate. The above requirements still apply.

2. Unnecessarily or prematurely drawing or displaying a firearm may limit a member’s alternatives in controlling a situation and may inhibit or limit communication between the member and the person.

Authorized firearm discharges

1. The intentional discharge of a firearm, in the direction of another person, or at a vehicle in which another person is believed to be, constitutes deadly force (MN Statute section 609.066 Subd. 1).

1. Members shall only intentionally discharge a firearm in the direction of another person, or at vehicle in which another person is believed to be, in accordance with the Authorized Use of Deadly Force and the other requirements in this policy.

2. Before discharging a firearm, members shall identify themselves as law enforcement officers, and clearly and precisely warn of their intent to use deadly force, when it is safe and feasible to do so (P&P 5-301).

2. In situations where deadly force is not authorized, sworn members may only lawfully discharge a firearm in accordance with this policy when:

1. Dispatching an animal that is dangerous, or to humanely remove an animal from further suffering and alternative methods of disposition are impractical.

2. Participating in authorized training and testing.
3. Participating in any authorized competition or legitimate sporting activity.

Prohibited firearm discharges

In addition to the prohibitions in the Authorized Use of Deadly Force regarding protecting property and people who present a danger only to themselves, members shall not discharge a firearm under the following conditions:

1. As a warning or to command attention.
2. At a crowd.
3. When the person is not in the member’s sight, including through walls or closed doors, unless the following conditions are met:

• The member has a reasonable belief, based on clear and articulable evidence, that a person behind the barrier poses an imminent threat of death or great bodily harm to the member or another person, and must be addressed through the use of deadly force without unreasonable delay.
• All other reasonable means of addressing the threat have been exhausted or are not feasible under the circumstances.
• The member has verified, through sound or visual cues, the location of the person posing the threat.
• The member has determined that other people are not in the line of fire.

Environmental factors

Members shall consider environmental factors such as field of fire, backdrop, bystanders, potential for ricochet, possibility of over-penetration, and other risks, when feasible.

Shooting at or from motor vehicles

At moving vehicles

Members shall not discharge a firearm at a moving or fleeing vehicle, including when attempting to disable a vehicle by discharging a firearm at the vehicle, unless one of the following narrow exceptions apply:

Imminent threat of death or great bodily harm by means other than the vehicle

• The member or another person is currently being threatened with death or great bodily harm by an occupant of the moving vehicle, and
• The threat is by means other than the moving vehicle, and
• The member reasonably believes there are no other reasonable means available to avert the imminent threat.

Ramming attack

In the extreme case of a ‘vehicle ramming attack’ where a vehicle is being used as a weapon to target people to cause death or great bodily harm.

Member stuck in path of vehicle

1. In the extreme case when a member is stuck in the path of a vehicle, this exception may apply if the following conditions apply:

• The member has no means of escape, and
• The member reasonably believes there are no other reasonable means available to avert the threat, and
• The member is unable to issue commands or the driver is disregarding commands to stop.

2. Members shall consider their positioning and shall not place themselves in the path of a vehicle, whenever possible. If members find themselves positioned in the path of a vehicle, they shall attempt to move safely out of the path of the vehicle instead of discharging a firearm at the vehicle or any of its occupants.
3. The moving vehicle itself does not presumptively constitute a threat that justifies a member’s use of deadly force.

From a moving vehicle

Members shall not discharge a firearm from a moving vehicle unless:

• The member or another person is currently being threatened with death or great bodily harm by another person, and
• The threat is by means other than a moving vehicle, and
• The member reasonably believes there are no other reasonable means available to avert the threat.

Considerations in these prohibitions

When feasible, members shall consider the following when determining whether to discharge a firearm at a vehicle under one of the above exceptions:

1. A vehicle may be occupied by additional passengers and it may not be readily apparent how many occupants are in the vehicle.
2. Bullets discharged at moving vehicles are extremely unlikely to immediately cease the movement of the vehicle or successfully disable it.
3. Bullets discharged at or from moving vehicles have a higher probability of missing the intended target or ricocheting and possibly injuring members or other innocent people, including passengers in the vehicle.
4. Bullets discharged at moving vehicles may disable or disorient the driver, causing the vehicle to crash and possibly injuring members or other innocent people, including passengers in the vehicle.
5. Such risks, in most cases, weigh against discharging a firearm at or from a moving vehicle.

Shooting at a fleeing person

Members shall not discharge a firearm at a person who is running away from a member except to counter an imminent threat of death or great bodily harm to the member or another person (and in accordance with the other requirements in [II-A] and the rest of this policy).

Prohibition on striking with a firearm

Members are prohibited from using firearms as an impact weapon or a striking tool against a person or property unless deadly force would be justified.

• This includes, but is not limited to, breaking windows with a firearm and striking someone with any part of a firearm.
• Using a firearm in such a manner increases the possibility of discharging the firearm and firearms may have sharp edges that can cause additional injuries.

Treatment and Medical Aid

Members shall, as soon as reasonably practical, provide medical treatment to any person who is shot, in accordance with P&P 5-301 and P&P 7-350.

Notification of Firearm Discharges

Member responsibility

Any member who discharges a firearm, whether on or off duty, shall make direct contact with their immediate supervisor (P&P 2-101) or the on-duty Watch Commander and the local jurisdiction as soon as possible except:

• Intentional discharges during training, testing or legal recreation purposes.

Unintentional firearm discharges

All unintentional firearm discharges shall be reported in accordance with P&P 2-101.

The investigation by Internal Affairs will include a determination of whether the discharge was intentional and must be reported as force (P&P 5-302).

Supervisor responsibility

1. At any officer-involved shooting incident, the Critical Incident Policy (P&P 7-810) shall be followed.

2. The supervisor shall respond to any scene in which a member has discharged a firearm while on-duty or in the course of duty.
3. The supervisor is responsible for notifying the Watch Commander and when appropriate, the member’s Deputy Chief and the on-duty Homicide investigator. This does not include the discharge of a firearm with the intention of dispatching an animal, unless it results in injury to a person.
4. Notifications to the Internal Affairs unit shall be made in accordance with the Duty to Report policy (P&P 2-101).
5. The advised supervisor shall ensure that drug and alcohol testing is conducted in accordance with P&P 3-1000 Drug and Alcohol Testing.

Reporting firearms discharges to the State

MN Statute section 626.553 requires the Chief of Police to report to the State Commissioner of Public Safety whenever a peace officer discharges a firearm in the course of duty, other than for training purposes or when dispatching an animal that is sick, injured or dangerous. Written notification of the incident must be filed within 30 days of the incident. The notification shall include information concerning the reason for and circumstances surrounding discharge of the firearm. The Internal Affairs unit supervisor shall be responsible for filing the required form(s) with the State Bureau of Criminal Apprehension.

Required Written Reports

1. All member firearm discharges that require notification, other than Critical Incidents, shall be reported in a Police Report, including a Narrative Text, by the member involved and the supervisor who was notified. The report shall include the code “DISWEAP.”
2. The member shall report the force in accordance with P&P 5-302 and the supervisor shall review the force in accordance with P&P 5-303.
3. The Watch Commander shall include all case numbers on the Watch Commander log.

The purpose of this policy is to ensure that members who carry weapons and force devices, and who use weapons and force devices, including chemical munitions, adhere to the force guiding principles described in P&P 5-301. The force guiding principles include, but are not limited to, the Sanctity of Life (as incorporated below), the Duty to De-escalate, and Objectively Reasonable, Necessary, and Proportional Force.

MPD and its members shall uphold the sanctity of life (P&P 0-102 and P&P 5-301) by striving to protect and preserve human life in all situations and keep the community and MPD members safe from harm.

This policy addresses chemical munition use. Impact projectiles that include chemical munition agents are covered both by this policy and by P&P 5-307.

Only for Use by SWAT

Chemical munitions shall only be used by trained Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) personnel, and only in accordance with the requirements below.

Civil Disturbances and Assemblies

All use of chemical munitions for crowd control purposes or during civil disturbances and assemblies shall only occur in accordance with P&P 7-805.

Conditions for Use

Chemical munitions may only be used in accordance with the factors and requirements described below. In addition to the conditions in this policy, the use of chemical munitions must be objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional, and members shall use the lowest degree of force necessary (P&P 5-301). When using chemical munitions members must apply the critical decision-making model (CDM) (P&P 7-801) to continually assess the situation and modulate their use accordingly as the subject behavior change.

Authorization

When not used for crowd control purposes or during civil disturbances (P&P 7-805), chemical munitions may only be used on a person, surface or structure in one of the following situations:

1. For life-saving purposes.

or

2. When approved by Deputy Chief or higher, the Commander of the Special Operations Division, or the SWAT Commander.

or

3. When an occupant of a vehicle who is reasonably believed to be armed with a firearm refuses to exit the vehicle following a lawful command to do so, a SWAT supervisor can approve the use of 40mm rounds containing OC or CS for use on the vehicle (P&P 5-307).

Method of use

In the above situations, the chemical munition may be used in one of the following ways:

1. Directed away from the person’s location as a distraction.

2. Directed at a surface such as a window, structure or vehicle, to deliver chemical munition agents to an area to expose nearby people or for area denial.
3. Directed at a person when the chemical munitions are 40mm rounds containing OC or CS and intended for direct impact with a person, and when used in accordance with P&P 5-307.
4. As an obscurant (when containing smoke).

Consider risks and other means of control

Prior to using chemical munitions, members shall consider:

1. The risks to any person who may be inside a structure or vehicle, and to any person outside who might also be exposed.
2. Whether the person could be controlled by any other reasonable means without unnecessary risk to the person, members, or to the public.

3. Vulnerability of the person (P&P 5-301).

Warnings and Announcements

Warning required

Prior to using a chemical munition, members shall provide oral warnings indicating that they intend to use chemical munitions unless the person submits to their authority, when it is feasible to do so (in accordance with P&P 5-301).

1. Members shall allow a reasonable amount of time for a person to comply with a warning, when feasible to do so.

2. The warning shall only occur in situations that a member reasonably believes may result in the use of chemical munitions.

Announcements for impact projectiles

Any discharges from an impact projectile launcher shall follow requirements in P&P 5-307 regarding announcements, which are incorporated here for ease of reference:

It is important that whenever possible, all members involved, and possible responding members know that an impact projectile is being discharged so they do not mistake the sight and noise from the impact projectile discharge as a live ammunition discharge. In addition to the requirements in [II-D-1] above:

1. Members shall announce over the radio that an impact projectile launcher will be discharged, when time and tactics permit.

2. Whenever feasible, members discharging an impact projectile should yell "Code Orange!" prior to and during the discharge.

Note: Impact projectile launchers have an orange barrel indicating they are intermediate weapons (see the specifications in P&P 5-307).

Treatment and Medical Aid

1. In addition to standard medical treatment after uses of force (in accordance with P&P 5-301and P&P 7-350), post exposure treatment for a person that has been exposed to the chemical munition agent shall include as many of the following as possible:

• Removing the affected person from the area of exposure.
• Exposing the affected person to fresh air.
• Rinsing the eyes and skin of the affected person with cool water (if available).
• Placing the person in an upright seated position, or if that is not feasible, in the side recovery position.

2. A person who has been exposed to a chemical munition agent shall not be left lying on their stomach once handcuffed or restrained.
3. Members shall keep a person exposed to the chemical munition agent under close observation until they are released to medical or other law enforcement personnel and shall watch for symptoms of a significant adverse reaction, which could include, but are not limited to blistering, burns, difficulty breathing, excessive pain, visual disturbance, or an altered mental state.

1. If the person exhibits such symptoms after having flushed the affected areas, or the person indicates that they have a pre-existing condition (such as asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, or a heart ailment) that may be aggravated by the chemical munition agent, members shall arrange for immediate transportation to a hospital for medical treatment.

4. A member transferring custody of a person exposed shall inform the entity accepting custody that the person was exposed to a chemical munition agent.

Emergency Services

When chemical munitions are used, the Fire Department and an ambulance will be on standby at a safe distance near the target area.

Canister Removal

After the scene is secured, SWAT team members shall remove and dispose of any canisters in the area.

Documentation

Members shall document use of chemical munitions as a use of force in accordance with the policy on reporting force (P&P 5-302).

Training Required

Only members who have completed the required training are authorized to use chemical munitions.

Specifications for Chemical Munitions

Members are only authorized to use chemical munitions that are issued by the Department. Members shall not modify or cause to be altered approved chemical munitions.

Impact projectile and impact projectile launcher specifications are described in P&P 5-307. Other chemical munitions are authorized by the Commander of the Special Operations Division.

The purpose of this policy is to ensure that members who carry weapons and force devices, and who use weapons and force devices, including flash sound distraction devices (FSDDs), adhere to the force guiding principles described in P&P 5-301. The force guiding principles include, but are not limited to, the Sanctity of Life (as incorporated below), the Duty to De-escalate, and Objectively Reasonable, Necessary, and Proportional Force.

MPD and its members shall uphold the sanctity of life (P&P 0-102 and P&P 5-301) by striving to protect and preserve human life in all situations and keep the community and MPD members safe from harm.

Prohibition on Use in Civil Disturbances and Assemblies

In accordance with P&P 7-805, FSDDs shall not be used for crowd control, crowd containment, or crowd dispersal.

Conditions for Use

FSDDs may only be used on a person in accordance with the requirements described below. In addition to the conditions in this policy, the use of FSDDs must be objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional, and members shall use the lowest degree of force necessary (P&P 5-301). When using FSDDs members must apply the critical decision-making model (CDM) (P&P 7-801) to continually assess the situation and modulate their use accordingly as the subject behavior changes.

Authorization and supervision

FSDDs shall only be distributed by and used under the authority of the SWAT supervisor, who will make a decision about the use of such a device on a case-by-case basis. Situations for use may include, but are not limited to:

• Barricaded person.
• Hostage situation.
• High-risk search warrants.
• When distraction of a violent person may be necessary to take the person into custody or safely control the situation.

Deployment considerations

1. When FSDDs are used, the location of deployment shall be visually observed by the member making the deployment, to reasonably confirm that the deployment is not made directly at or directly next to a person.
2. FSDDs shall not be deployed when members should reasonably know the following circumstances are present:

• In an indoor environment when flammable liquids, explosive gases, or hazardous materials are nearby.
• When there are infants or elderly people present.

Extinguisher Available

When an FSDD will be used, on-scene members shall ensure a dry chemical extinguisher is available (in the event of a fire).

Treatment and Medical Aid

Members shall provide any necessary medical treatment in accordance with P&P 5-301 and P&P 7-350.

Documentation

Members shall document use of FSDDs as a use of force in accordance with the policy on reporting force (P&P 5-302).

Training Required

1. Only members who have completed the required training in the use of these devices shall deploy them.
2. Department approved training shall include the nomenclature, mechanical operation, and tactical deployment of FSDDs.
3. All members of SWAT shall also be trained by the Minneapolis Fire Department in the use of dry chemical fire extinguishers. Emphasis will be placed upon safety considerations and measures to be utilized when using these tools.

Specifications for FSDDs

Members are only authorized to use FSDDs that are issued by the Department.

FSDDs shall be stored in accordance with federal regulations.

Policy

1. Following a Critical Incident, if an involved MPD officer is required to surrender his/her duty handgun, the Homicide Unit will provide a loaner handgun to the involved officer.
2. Prior to returning to duty, the involved officer shall contact the MPD Range during normal business hours to receive a loaner handgun similar to the type of gun the officer has declared as a duty weapon.
3. After receiving the loaner handgun from the Range, the involved officer shall return the loaner gun to the Homicide Unit.
4. The involved officer will be allowed to carry the Range-issued loaner handgun as a duty handgun until the investigating agency returns the officer’s duty handgun.

Policy

Civilian personnel are prohibited from handling loaded firearms while at work unless they have attended and completed firearms familiarization training sponsored by the MPD Range or possess a valid permit to carry. Civilian personnel shall not possess personal firearms while at work.

Policy

The decision to carry a handgun while off‑duty is left to the personal preference of each officer. The MPD prohibits any officer from carrying a handgun or ammunition off‑duty while using or under the influence of alcohol or drugs.

Officers are permitted to carry off‑duty only those handguns they have been certified to carry on‑duty. The City of Minneapolis assumes no liability for any officer using a handgun off duty that has not been authorized and approved for on‑duty use and for which the Rangemaster has not certified the officer.

Policy

Officers, when off-duty, are responsible for the safe storage of their firearms, whether they are in a motor vehicle, in a residence, or other facility. Officers assume the responsibility for taking reasonable precautions that their firearms do not fall into the hands of minors and/or unauthorized persons.

Policy

Range personnel must inspect all firearms before an officer may attempt to qualify with the firearm and be authorized to carry the firearm on duty or off duty. Range personnel may require officers to take additional training in addition to shooting a qualification course before allowing an officer to carry a specific firearm.

A firearm shall be resubmitted to the Rangemaster for inspection and approval when:

• Directed by a supervisor;
• The firearm has been altered; and/or
• The firearm has malfunctioned or is not working properly.

Policy

Officers shall maintain their firearm(s) in a clean, serviceable condition.

Policy

1. Officers shall only carry MPD-approved ammunition. Ammunition specifications are available from the Range Master.
2. The MPD will provide the ammunition required for an officer’s declared handguns (up to two total).
3. Ammunition issued for an officer’s declared handgun(s) will be replaced annually by the Range Master.
4. Department shotguns should be loaded with MPD issued 00 Buck. If a situation arises where the spread of the buckshot becomes an issue or additional range or penetration is required shotgun slugs may be used.

To establish procedure for the use of authorized shotguns.

1. The Remington, Model 870 shotgun is the authorized MPD shotgun.
2. All sworn personnel who are not Certified Rifle Operators (in accordance with P&P 5-410) shall qualify and attend annual shotgun training and shall retain annual shotgun certification.
3. The shotgun shall be “squad ready” when in a vehicle.

1. To be squad ready, the shotgun shall have six rounds in the magazine with the hammer dropped (trigger pulled). There shall be no round in the chamber and the safety shall be in the “fire position.” The shotgun shall have a single strip of masking tape around the barrel and fore-grip with the preparing officer's initials, date and time written on the tape.
2. At the start of a shift, uniformed officers assigned to a marked squad shall obtain a shotgun, inspect it and ensure the shotgun is set up squad ready, unless the officers will have a rifle in accordance with P&P 5-410.
3. Upon completion of their shift, officers shall remove the shotgun from the squad car for storage in the precinct or unit armory. When stored, the Remington, Model 870 shotgun shall have the slide open with no rounds in the weapon.

To establish policy and procedure for the use of Department authorized rifles.

1. Officers certified to carry Department authorized rifles are authorized to do so as part of their regular duty assignment. When deploying a rifle officers shall adhere to the Constitutions of the United States and Minnesota, and to all state and federal laws and MPD policies pertaining to the use of deadly force.
2. Only magazines issued by the Range or brands of magazines approved by the Range shall be used (in accordance with P&P 5-408). A list of approved magazines will be maintained at the Range. Officers will be issued one 30-round magazine, and may elect to carry more magazines.

Certified Rifle Operators

1. Certified Rifle Operators shall attend annual training and pass a qualification course to retain their certification. The certification course will be determined by the Range Master.
2. A Certified Rifle Operator who has used the rifle in violation of this policy or in an unsafe manner may have their certification suspended or revoked.
3. Failure to attend a scheduled rifle training session may result in the suspension or revocation of rifle certification.

Rifle assignment and condition

Certified Rifle Operators will be assigned a department issued rifle to carry on patrol.

Checking the rifle in and out

1. Certified Rifle Operators will check out a rifle from the precinct or unit armory at the beginning of their shift. Only currently certified officers may check out a rifle.
2. When checking out a rifle, officers must conduct the following checks and inspections:

1. Inspection for damages.
2. Inspection for proper lubrication.
3. Co-witness check of the electronic optic with the back-up iron sights.
4. Manual function test using the loading/clearing barrel, verifying the rifle is in proper working order.

3. At the end of the officer’s shift, the officer shall verify the rifle is unloaded and returned to the precinct or unit armory. Officers shall not leave rifles in the squads at the end of their shift.

Rifle condition

1. Officers who carry a department issued rifle will maintain the rifle in the same condition as it was issued to the precinct or unit.
2. Officers are responsible for general maintenance and cleaning of the department issued rifle.
3. Officers shall report any damage, problems, or concerns with the rifles to authorized Range personnel. It is the responsibility of that Officer to notify their supervisor and to ensure that the rifle is marked “out of service.”

Accessories

Accessories may only be added or removed by authorized Range personnel, and only authorized accessories may be used.

1. The Range maintains a list of the authorized accessories that may be added to a Rifle (by authorized personnel).

2. Officers may not remove the assigned suppressor from any Department rifle.

Rifle Program Duty Declaration form

Certified Rifle Operators who are assigned a Department issued rifle shall sign a Rifle Program Duty Declaration Form (MP-9068) which outlines the rules associated with carrying the rifle. The Rifle Program Duty Declaration Form will be maintained by the Range in the officer’s file.

Rifle storage and transportation in vehicles

1. Rifles shall be “squad ready” when in a vehicle:

• The rifle’s bolt is forward on an empty chamber with the safety on.
• The rifle shall have the authorized magazine loaded with issued duty ammunition inserted into the magazine well.

2. Rifles shall be transported in one of two ways as follows:

1. In a squad mounted lock in the front passenger compartment of the vehicle, or

2. Cased in the trunk of the vehicle. If the rifle is cased in the vehicle’s trunk it may be brought into the cabin of the vehicle prior to arriving on a call that will require use of the rifle.

Deployment of rifles

1. Rifles may be deployed when the unique features of the rifle provide a tactical advantage.

2. It may be necessary to use a rifle in a building if the call involves an active shooter, a suspect wearing protective body armor or other serious situations. Officers should be aware that serious damage may occur to their hearing or the hearing of others in close proximity to the area if a rifle is fired in a building.
3. Officers should be aware of the area behind their intended target if they need to fire their rifles in an urban area.
4. When officers respond to a call where MPD policy requires that a report be completed, officers shall document the deployment or use of the rifle in their statement.

Policy

"To Qualify" means obtaining the minimum passing score on any given MPD-approved course of fire with handguns, shotguns and other specialty firearms if required.

Officers who do not obtain a "passing" score on a required course of fire shall be given a "Notice of Failure to Qualify." This form will direct the officer to return on a given date and time for remedial training and/or refiring of the course. A copy of the "Notice of Failure to Qualify" (MP-6454) will be sent to the officer's Commander and another placed in the officer's Range file.

The Commander will immediately reassign the officer to a non-enforcement position until such time as he or she returns to the range and "passes" the course of fire. The officer is also prohibited from carrying or using MPD-authorized firearms, on or off duty, until satisfactory completion of the course.

Failure to qualify after remedial training may be cause for disciplinary action up to and including termination of employment.

Policy

Commanders will be allocated sufficient range time to schedule all their officers for each required range training period. Make-up sessions may be scheduled if necessary.

Upon the completion of each firearms qualification period, officers who did not attend will be issued a "Notice of Failure to Attend Firearms Qualification Course" (MP-6453). A copy will be sent to the officer's Commander and a copy placed in the officer's Range file. The officer shall report to the Range on the specified date and time for remedial training and/or qualification.

Commanders will immediately reassign the officer to a non-enforcement position until such time as he or she returns to the Range and satisfactorily completes the course of fire. The officer is also prohibited from carrying or using MPD-authorized firearms, on or off duty, until satisfactory completion of the course.

A list of all officers who failed to report for firearms training during each qualification period will be forwarded to their respective Bureau Head. Failure to attend required firearms training, unless properly excused, will be cause for disciplinary action up to and including termination of employment.

Policy

The MPD Range facility may only be used by sworn law enforcement personnel or persons authorized by the Rangemaster. Sworn law enforcement personnel from agencies other than the MPD may be permitted to use the Range facility with the prior approval of the Chief of Police. In these instances, at least one Range staff officer must be present to monitor the use of the facility.

Only MPD-authorized ammunition and an officer's primary and secondary firearm may be used at an MPD Range facility.

Policy

Officers entering any area of a jail or processing facility shall follow all rules of the controlling agency as to the deposit of weapons immediately upon entering the facility.

To establish expectations of responsibilities and understanding of regulations surrounding duty handguns handled by members of the MPD.

Duty Handguns for Members Hired on or after December 1, 2018

1. Members hired on or after December 1, 2018 shall only be permitted to carry Department-owned firearms as their primary duty handguns.

1. The MPD Range Master shall maintain the approved list of the Department-owned primary duty handguns authorized by the Chief of Police.
2. The authorized caliber for primary duty handguns is 9mm.

2. Members who wish to convert to an authorized Department-owned handgun as a primary duty handgun shall attend and pass an appropriate conversion course at the MPD Range.
3. Upon successful completion of the conversion course, the authorized handgun shall be the only handgun a member is authorized to carry as their primary duty handgun while on duty.

Second Handgun

1. Members may elect to carry a second declared handgun while on duty, provided they have passed the appropriate conversion and qualification courses for the particular handgun.
2. The MPD Range Master shall maintain the approved list of second handguns and calibers.
3. Members may only carry a second gun that is under the same platform (striker or hammer) as their authorized primary duty handgun.
4. Members working in an active undercover capacity may use their second handgun as their duty handgun during these operations for member safety purposes with approval of their Inspector or Commander.
5. Members who wish to carry a second handgun on duty shall carry it concealed and in a holster.

Authorized Handguns for Members Hired before December 1, 2018

1. Members hired before December 1, 2018 are authorized to continue carrying any handgun that was previously authorized, provided they have a duty declaration form on file with the range and they have qualified with that weapon prior to December 1, 2018.
2. Members will be permitted to replace a declared handgun that has been lost, stolen, destroyed or deemed inoperable by the range staff.
3. The Range Master shall maintain the list of firearms authorized before December 1, 2018.

Red Dot Sights (RDS)

RDS Weapon Training and Qualifications

1. Members must attend and successfully pass an RDS transition course or have approval by the Range Master before they are authorized to carry an RDS-equipped handgun on duty.
2. Members who carry an RDS-equipped duty gun shall score an 80% or better on the yearly MPD handgun qualification.

Approved Equipment and Altering of Duty Weapons for RDS

1. The Range Master maintains a list of manufactured weapon systems designed to accept RDS that are approved for duty use.

2. Milling or altering slides to mount RDS must be pre-approved by the Range Master.
3. The Range Master maintains a list of authorized manufactures and models of RDS and duty holsters that are approved.
4. Duty guns must have back up iron sights (BUIS) in the event of an RDS or battery failure.
5. If the RDS are not pre-installed by the weapon manufacture, installation of RDS and backup iron sights shall be done by range staff.
6. Range staff will perform battery changes on optics that require optic removal from slide.
7. Members shall supply their own batteries for personally owned RDS systems. MPD will supply the batteries for department issued RDS systems. Replacement batteries are available at the range. Range Master maintains a list of approved batteries to be used.

Regulations Applicable to All Handguns

1. All members shall attend and pass annual firearms training required by the MN POST Board.

1. A Declaration of Duty Handgun form (MP-8876) shall be completed by the member and kept on file at the MPD Range for every handgun a member has declared as a duty weapon.
2. Firearm qualification records shall be maintained by the MPD Range.

2. All members shall carry a declared handgun while on duty and in uniform, unless otherwise prohibited.

1. All handguns carried while on duty shall be fully loaded.
2. All handguns carried while on duty shall be carried in holsters.

3. Members working a plainclothes assignment shall wear their declared handguns in a manner that will not attract attention or be open to public view.
4. Members working in an undercover capacity may be permitted to be unarmed based on the nature of their undercover assignment, with approval of their Inspector or Commander.
5. Members working in uniform shall carry two additional fully loaded magazines for semi-automatic handguns or two fully loaded speed loaders for revolvers.
6. The Range Master shall maintain a list of approved lights and holsters for all handguns that the MPD uses.

1. The light attachment shall not be the primary flashlight. Members shall carry an MPD approved flashlight (refer to P&P 3-202 Required Equipment).
2. Prior to adding a light to a declared handgun, members shall attend and pass a qualification course at the MPD Range with the new equipment.
3. Laser sight systems are prohibited.

7. Declared handguns shall not be altered in any way without approval of the Range Master.
8. Servicing (Gunsmithing and Alterations) of Department-owned handguns shall only be performed by MPD Range Staff. This does not include routine cleaning and general handgun maintenance, when performed by members at the direction of MPD Range Staff.

1. The MPD Community Chaplain Program consists of Minneapolis clergy and faith community leaders, representing a variety of cultures and faith traditions. Their mission is to provide spiritual care and support services to members of the Minneapolis Police Department and to the citizens of Minneapolis in their times of need.
2. The positive relationships established through quality spiritual care relationships, create opportunities for building strong connections between the Minneapolis Police Department and the citizens of Minneapolis. These positive police/community connections are valuable components of: a healthy police department, healthy communities and ultimately a strong and healthy Minneapolis.

MPD Chaplains utilize an inter-faith ministry of presence, service and relationships to carry out their critical mission. As representatives of the Minneapolis Police Department and of the faith communities they have been called to lead, MPD Chaplains will carry out their duties to the highest standards of professionalism (See ICPC Canon of Ethics for Law Enforcement Chaplains).

MPD Chaplain Spiritual Care and Support Responsibilities

1. Chaplains provide proactive spiritual care by being present with police personnel and community members in times of calm and in everyday, routine activities. This presence creates opportunities to build strong personal relationships with individuals within their personal context of community. Examples of these activities include, but are not limited to:

• Precinct Roll Call
• Chaplain Precinct Time
• Officer Ride-Alongs
• Department Meetings
• Department Ceremonies
• Neighborhood Meetings
• Community Events
• Community Celebrations
• Community Outreach Activities

2. Chaplains provide reactive spiritual care by responding to critical incidents with MPD staff (in a support role) and providing care services to those who are suffering and in need. Examples of these activities include, but are not limited to:

• Death/critical injury scene response
• Death Notifications at the direction of the MPD Chaplain Coordinator (07/22/16)
• Faith Community call response
• Major crime scene response
• Traumatized victim response
• Personal care/support of MPD staff
• Any situation where a Chaplain’s calm and non-anxious presence would be helpful

MPD Chaplain Program Supervision and Direction

1. The MPD Community Chaplain Program is overseen by the Assistant Chief, who may assign supervision and direction to an MPD Commander or other designee.
2. Community Chaplain Program operations will be directed by the MPD Chaplain Coordinator. (07/22/16)
3. Individual Chaplain supervision and direction will be assigned to Precinct Inspectors and Inspector designees.

The purpose of this policy is to establish effective guidelines, consistent with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act, for Minneapolis Police Department (MPD) personnel to follow when providing services to, or interacting with individuals who have limited English proficiency.

The MPD recognizes the importance of effective and accurate communication between its employees and the community it serves. Language barriers can impede communication in a variety of ways. Language barriers can sometimes inhibit or even prohibit individuals with limited English proficiency from accessing and/or understanding important rights, obligations and services, or from communicating accurately and effectively in difficult situations. Hampered communication with LEP victims, witnesses, alleged suspects and community members can present the MPD with safety, evidentiary, and ethical challenges. Ensuring maximum communication ability between law enforcement and all segments of the community serves the interest of both.

It is the policy of the Minneapolis Police Department to take reasonable steps to provide timely, meaningful access to LEP persons with the services and benefits the MPD provides in all MPD conducted programs or activities.

All MPD personnel shall offer language assistance services to individuals whom they encounter and believe to be LEP, or whenever an LEP person requests language assistance services.

All MPD personnel will inform the public they encounter that language assistance services are available free of charge when using contracted City vendors.

The language assistance services available to be used by MPD personnel include both in person and phone interpretation, translation, and American Sign Language.

Police Personnel in Need of Interpretation Services

Responding Police Personnel Responsibilities –

Police personnel in the field in need of interpretation services shall attempt to identify the LEP individual’s primary language by asking the LEP person what language they speak or by using the Language Identification Card. Once the language has been identified, police personnel shall contact a City vendor as outlined in this policy and the LEP Guide which is located on MPD Net under Manuals and Guides.

Emergency Circumstances

Extreme or emergency circumstances may require deviation from the general procedures outlined in this policy. In such situations, MPD personnel are to use the most reliable, temporary interpreter available, such as a bilingual MPD employee, a family member, friend, or bystander. Examples include but are not limited to: the need to obtain descriptive information on a fleeing suspect, or identifying information of an injured person. Once an emergency has passed all personnel shall revert to the general procedures in this directive.

Family, Friends and Bystanders

In other than extreme or emergency circumstances, MPD personnel should only use family, friends or bystanders for interpreting in informal, non-confrontational contexts, and only to obtain basic information at the request of the LEP person. Note the following:

1. Using family, friends or bystanders to interpret could result in a breach of confidentiality, a conflict of interest, or an inadequate interpretation.
2. Barring extreme or emergency circumstances, police personnel should not use minor children to provide interpreter services.
3. An exception to this practice: Anyone of the LEP individual’s choosing may represent him/her when filing a citizen complaint. If the LEP individual chooses someone other than a City vendor, the LEP individual is responsible for any charges incurred for the interpreter.

Contracted Telephone Interpretation Services

Contracted telephone interpretation services shall be available to assist all MPD personnel when interacting with LEP individuals.

1. Police personnel in need of interpretation services shall attempt to identify the LEP individual’s primary language through the use of the Language Identification Card, and shall notify the LEP individual that free interpretation services are available when using a City of Minneapolis vendor.
2. Police personnel who believe they need to use interpreting services over the telephone shall contact a supervisor to make arrangements for use of a cell phone, if one is needed. If no cell phone is available for use, police personnel may transport the LEP individual to the precinct or other police facility to use a phone.
3. Police personnel in need of interpretation services shall refer to the LEP Guide located on MPD Net under Manuals and Guides for specific contracted City vendors to use and to obtain necessary access codes.
4. Police personnel shall record the interpreter’s name, company affiliation, and date and time contacted in the investigative report and specifically note if the interpreter used is not a contracted City vendor.

Contracted In-Person Interpretation Services

Contracted in-person interpretation services shall be available to assist all MPD personnel when needed for interacting with LEP individuals. While contracted in-person interpreting services are available to all police personnel, it is best suited for investigative units operating under non-emergency situations, such as victim/witness interviews and criminal interrogations.

1. Police personnel in need of interpretation services shall attempt to identify the LEP individual’s primary language through the use of the Language Identification Card, and shall notify the LEP individual that free interpretation services are available when using a City of Minneapolis vendor.
2. An authorized list of contracted in-person interpreters available shall be used by police personnel to obtain in-person interpreting services. Refer to the LEP Guide located on MPD Net under Manuals and Guides for the list of contracted vendors. The contracted in-person interpreter should be on location no more than two (2) hours from the time of the service’s notification.
3. Upon arrival of the interpreter, the officer/investigator shall record the interpreter’s name and company affiliation in the investigative report along with the interpreter’s arrival and departure times and the note the language being interpreted.
4. Police personnel will ask all questions and/or give direction through the interpreter.
5. Under no circumstances shall an interpreter independently question an LEP individual. The interpreter’s role is to serve as a neutral third party, taking care not to insert his or her perspective into the communication between the parties.
6. If the officer/investigator believes that there is any conflict of interest with the assigned interpreter, bias or any other reason why the interpreter should be excused, the highest ranking supervisor on location shall be consulted.

1. If that supervisor agrees that the concern is warranted, the interpretation service will be notified for another interpreter.
2. Any time there may be a conflict of interest or bias on the part of the interpreter, the consulted supervisor shall forward a memorandum to the Division Commander and LEP Coordinator for the department.

Translation of Documents

1. Investigators shall secure translation services through a contracted City vendor, noting in the investigative report the date, name of the vendor used and the document translated.
2. Units having documents that need to be translated shall contact the LEP Coordinator who will secure translation services through a contracted City vendor. Refer to section E. 2.

Interrogation, Interviews and Complaints

Criminal Interrogations

A failure to protect the rights of LEP individuals during an interrogation risks the integrity of any investigation. Police personnel must recognize that miscommunication during interrogations may have a substantial impact on the evidence presented in any related criminal prosecution, and may adversely affect a suspect’s legal rights. Therefore, qualified interpreters shall be used for all interrogations of LEP individuals.

1. Because of the dual role a bilingual law enforcement officer may have when conducting interrogations and acting as an interpreter, bilingual officers shall not be used as interpreters during investigation.
2. A contracted, in-person interpretation service shall be used as outlined in the LEP Guide available on MPD Net under Manuals and Guides.
3. Vital written materials will be available to the suspect, victim or witness in his or her primary language. If needed forms are not available in the individual’s primary language and in the case of illiteracy, forms will be read to the suspect, victim or witness in his or her primary language using the contracted interpretation services.

Crime Witness Interviews

Accuracy is a priority as these scenarios potentially involve statements with evidentiary value by which a witness may be impeached in court. Accordingly, a certified interpretation service may be used when taking any formal statement or conducting any interview, as outlined in the LEP Guide available on MPD Net under Manuals and Guides.

Complaint Procedures for LEP Persons

Any LEP individual who wishes to file a complaint with the MPD or Office of Police Conduct Review (OPCR) regarding language access or the discharge of Departmental duties, shall be provided with translated complaint forms in their primary language. Police personnel may obtain an electronic copy of the translated forms from MPD Net under “Forms”, or direct the LEP individual to the MPD public website where the forms can be found under “On-line Services – Translated Forms”.

1. The assigned Internal Affairs or OPCR investigator shall use the contracted, in-person interpretation service, as outlined in this policy and the LEP Guide.
2. Internal Affairs or OPCR shall provide written notice of the disposition of any LEP complaint in the complainant’s primary language.

Notifying the Public About Departmental Language Services

1. Signs shall be posted in the most commonly spoken languages at each police building with direct public access or lobby, stating that interpreters are available free of charge to LEP individuals, when using a contracted City vendor.
2. Language Identification Cards and Notice of Free Interpretation Services shall be readily accessible to MPD employees working at public access points and in any MPD vehicle used for transporting individuals to or from an MPD office, facility or crime scene.
3. The commanding officers of all precincts and units with direct public access shall ensure that the signs are posted and visible to the general public.
4. Each MPD Division or Unit shall maintain and have available hard copies of translated public forms and documents for LEP individuals. These documents and forms along with available languages shall be listed on the MPD public website under Forms>Translated Forms.

Training – Language Assistance Policy and Interpreter Skills

1. The MPD will provide periodic training to personnel about the Department’s LEP policies, including how to access departmentally authorized telephonic and in-person interpreters.
2. The MPD shall conduct such training for new recruits and at in-service training and Roll Call for officers at least every two (2) years.
3. Training shall initially be conducted within 180 days of the effective date of this Directive.

Monitoring And Updating Language Assistance Efforts

LEP Coordinator:

The Chief of Police will appoint an LEP Coordinator who is responsible for coordinating and implementing all aspects of the MPD’s LEP policy. The LEP Coordinator will serve as the contact person for MPD employees with questions about or issues related to providing language assistance to LEP individuals.

Documents:

1. The LEP Coordinator shall be responsible for initially reviewing, identifying and classifying all MPD documents as vital or non-vital for each unit, then annually reviewing all new documents issued by the MPD to assess whether they should be considered vital documents and be translated.

1. New and updated forms or documents shall be submitted electronically to the LEP Coordinator who will assign an MPD form number, maintain the electronic original and process the request to get the forms translated.
2. Updates to and creation of the forms shall be the responsibility of the Unit who primarily uses the forms

2. All translated documents and forms shall be available electronically on the public MPD website.
3. Divisions or Units with forms that have been identified as vital documents shall have paper copies of the translated forms available for the public.
4. The LEP Coordinator is responsible for working with contracted vendors to create additional access codes.

Training:

The LEP Coordinator will assist Leadership and Organizational Development with developing a lesson plan for training MPD employees on the LEP policy and how to access and use language assistance services.

Collection of LEP Contact Data:

The LEP Coordinator will be responsible for collecting information on the LEP individuals that have come in contact with the MPD. This data may be collected through the review of billing statements submitted by the contracted telephonic and in-person service providers.

Tracking and Analysis of LEP Data:

The Chief or his/her designee shall be responsible for assessing demographic data to ensure that the MPD is providing meaningful access for LEP persons to the services and benefits that MPD provides in all MPD-conducted programs or activities. This assessment and consultation shall be conducted in coordination with the LEP Coordinator.

The purpose of the policy is to establish the importance of following appropriate protocol for deaf or hard of hearing individuals, including guidelines regarding communication in the absence of an interpreter.

Interpreters

It is the policy of the Minneapolis Police Department that American Sign Language interpreters will be provided to deaf or hard of hearing individuals who request them. Upon becoming aware that a person may be deaf or hard of hearing, MPD members must inform the person that sign language interpreters are available at no cost and that it may take up to an hour for an interpreter to arrive. Members should also ask the deaf or hard of hearing person what kind of interpreter or auxiliary aid he/she needs to communicate.

If a deaf or hard of hearing person suggests a mode of communication, MPD members should try to accommodate the suggestion. Members shall not require the deaf or hard of hearing person’s friend or family member to interpret on his/her behalf.

If it is determined that an interpreter is needed, members shall refer to the LEP Guide located on MPD Net under Manuals and Guides for specific contracted City vendors to request the interpreter service. If no immediate police action is required, members may offer to schedule an interview or appointment to include an interpreter, for a later mutually agreeable date and time.

Before an interpreter arrives, members should not take a suspect’s statement, give Miranda warnings, or have any other conversation which may be used in a court of law. During extreme or emergency circumstances, an interpreter will be offered after the emergency ends.

Members assigned to 911 response cars have the discretion to determine whether to stay with the deaf or hard of hearing person while waiting for an interpreter to arrive. If there is no immediate threat of danger and the person has requested an interpreter, members should direct them to go the nearest precinct where the interview will take place upon arrival of the interpreter. Members shall return to the precinct when the deaf or hard of hearing person and the interpreter are present.

Reporting

Upon encountering a deaf or hard of hearing person, members should note the person’s deafness in the CAPRS report. Any actions taken to accommodate suggestions made in order to facilitate communication should also be noted. If an interpreter was requested, the CAPRS report should include the time the interpreter was requested and the time the interpreter began interpreting. In addition, issues or problems that arise as a result of attempts to provide a qualified interpreter should be documented in the CAPRS report, if applicable, and the LEP Coordinator shall be notified via phone (673-2338), memo, or email.

MPD members should direct questions and concerns regarding communication with deaf or hard of hearing individuals to the LEP Coordinator.

Communication Guidelines

In general, when communicating with deaf or hard of hearing individuals in the absence of an interpreter, members should be aware of the following:

• Face the person; get his/her attention. Face the light.
• Communicate with the deaf or hard of hearing person directly; maintain eye contact.
• Use gestures and facial expressions. Do not restrict the use of both arms (unless necessary for member safety).
• Offer the person a pencil and paper, or if available, use a computer.
• Written communications may require more effort to understand. American Sign Language is a language with different sentence structure and word usage than the English language.

Policy

Special consideration is required when transporting a person with a disability who is in a wheelchair. When disabled persons in wheelchairs are arrested, are taken to Detox, or require placement on a health and welfare hold at HCMC, such persons will be transported by squad car whenever possible. However, prior to transport officers shall ask the disabled person if there is any medical reason they cannot be removed from their wheelchair for transport by squad.

If the person says they cannot be removed from their wheelchair, then special transportation by lift-van shall be made. A vehicle with a hydraulic lift is available through the Traffic Control Office, weekdays before 1530 hours. Officers shall contact the Traffic Control Street Supervisor at (612)335-5932, who will transport the wheelchair/arrested person. The officer requesting the Traffic Control lift-van shall give the Traffic Control Supervisor their name, badge number, squad number, and address where the arrested person/wheelchair is to be taken. One officer is required to accompany the person in the lift-van if the person is under arrest. Officers are not required to accompany the transport of just the wheelchair.

After 1530 hours and on weekends officers may obtain use of the hydraulic lift vehicle through the 1st Precinct. The key for the vehicle along with specific instructions for locating the van and operating the hydraulic lift are available at the 1st Precinct. Questions should be directed to 1st Precinct personnel, who have been trained in the procedure for transporting wheelchairs. 1st Precinct personnel will provide assistance to officers regarding use of the equipment, but are not responsible for transporting the arrested persons for other precincts.

If the person says they can be removed from their wheelchair, Officers will assist the disabled person into the squad, using care and caution.

When officers have had recent contact with the disabled person to be transported and have knowledge that there is no medical reason the person is not able to be removed from their wheelchair, the person may be transported by squad.

All wheelchairs shall be taken to the transport location of the disabled person, with collapsible wheelchairs transported in the trunk of the squad. When a person with a motorized wheelchair is transported by squad, the lift-van shall be called and directed to transport the wheelchair to the disabled person's location.

Officers may contact MECC to make arrangements for the arrival of the disabled person at the appropriate detox or detention facility, or they may contact the facility on their own.

Transport of Arrestee - When transport is needed to the detention facility, officers should contact or request that MECC contact the Jail Intake Supervisor for arrangements to book the arrestee as soon as possible. The Jail Intake Supervisor can be contacted at (612)596-8010.

Transport to Detox - When transport is needed to a detox facility, officers should request that MECC contact a supervisor at 1010 Currie for admission of the person. 1010 Currie is the preferred location because it is more wheelchair accessible. If 1010 Currie cannot accept the person, their staff supervisor should be able to direct the transport to another appropriate shelter facility. Ideally these arrangements should be made prior to the arrival of the lift-van service. The lift-van driver can then be directed to the pre-arranged facility. The phone number for 1010 Currie is 379-3646.

Officers shall follow department searching and restraining procedures when dealing with disabled persons in wheelchairs. Extra care shall be exercised during these procedures due to the arrestee’s physical and/or medical conditions.

The purpose of this policy is to establish guidelines for the appropriate treatment of transgender and gender non-conforming (TGN) individuals who come into contact with the Minneapolis Police Department.

It shall be the policy of this department to treat all individuals with the courtesy and dignity inherently due to every person. Employees shall act, speak and conduct themselves in a professional manner, recognizing their obligation to safeguard life and property. Employees shall maintain a courteous, professional attitude in all contacts with the public, and shall not exhibit any bias, prejudice or discrimination against a TGN individual or group of TGN individuals.

Forms of Address

1. Employees shall address TGN individuals by the individual’s adopted name, even if the individual has not received legal recognition of the adopted name.
2. In addressing or discussing a TGN individual, employees shall use the pronouns appropriate for that person’s gender identity (e.g. she/her/hers, he/him/his, they/them/theirs, etc.). If an employee is uncertain about which pronouns are appropriate, the employee should respectfully ask the individual.
3. Employees shall not use language that a reasonable person would consider demeaning or derogatory; in particular, language aimed at a person’s actual or perceived gender identity, gender expression, anatomical sex, or sexual orientation.
4. Employees shall not disclose an individual’s TGN identity to any other person or group absent a proper law enforcement purpose.

Calls for Service

1. Calls for service or complaints generated by TGN individuals shall be addressed and investigated in a manner consistent with all departmental policies.

2. Employees shall not consider a person’s gender or gender identification as reasonable suspicion or prima facie evidence that the individual is or has engaged in a criminal act, including prostitution.

1. Employees may only consider gender or gender identification in accordance with the Impartial Policing policy (P&P 5-104).

Transportation

Whenever possible, a TGN suspect or arrestee shall be transported alone. Officers shall ensure that additional units are called in order to assist with transporting additional TGN individuals.

Searches

1. Officers shall not stop, detain, frisk or search a person in whole or in part for the purposes of determining that person’s gender or in order to call attention to the person’s gender expression.
2. Officers shall continue to use standard practices and procedures when conducting field interviews, Terry stops and frisks/pat downs.
3. Whenever possible, a search of a TGN suspect that goes beyond a frisk/ pat down shall be conducted by an officer of the gender requested by the suspect.

1. All other aspects of the search shall be conducted in accordance with standard MPD practices and procedures.

Medical Attention

1. TGN individuals requiring medical attention shall be handled as any other individual requiring medical attention.

Name and Gender Classification of TGN Individuals for Data Purposes

1. The reporting system used by MPD (CAPRS) uses the label “sex” and offers the options of “Male” and “Female.” This section will use the term “gender” in reference to the classification in the reporting system.
2. A person’s name and gender will be classified for data purposes as it appears on the individual’s government-issued identification card.
3. In the event a government-issued identification card is unavailable:

1. If the officer has established identification through appropriate databases (such as DVS) or if the individual was identified at the Hennepin County Jail, the name and gender from that identification shall be used.
2. If no government identification is established the following procedure shall be used:

1. The officer shall respectfully ask the individual whether they most closely identify with male or female and use that for the CAPRS report data classification.

1. If the individual is not comfortable with either option or refuses to answer, the officer shall select one.

2. The officer shall ask the individual for their legal name to use in the report.

4. If there is uncertainty regarding the appropriate data entry of an individual’s name or gender, a supervisor should be consulted for further guidance.
5. This section relates to data classification only, and shall not alter the transportation, searching or processing of individuals.

• 40mm Round: A direct fire impact projectile round used in situations where maximum deliverable kinetic energy is desired for the incapacitation of a person.
• Accidental Bite: Any time a canine bites a person who is not the subject of a search or a directed canine apprehension.
• Actively Resisting:

  The person’s actions are intended to prevent a member from placing the person in custody or taking control of the situation but are not directed at harming the member. A person’s reaction to pain caused by a member, and a person’s purely defensive reactions to force, do not constitute active resistance. Oral statements alone do not constitute active resistance.

  Examples include:

  • Walking or running away after being informed they are not free to leave, are detained, or are under arrest.
  • Forcefully resisting the member’s grip.
  • Holding onto a fixed object after being given a lawful command to move or let go, in a situation other than a protest or demonstration (P&P 7-805).
• Adopted/Chosen Name: Non-birth name that a TGN individual uses in self-reference (this may or may not be the individual's legal name).
• Anatomical Sex: The anatomical qualities that determine whether one is male or female.
• Area Denial: Preventing people from entering a room or similar area through the use of chemical munitions.
• Arming a CEW: Moving the selector switch on the CEW up to the "on" position, which activates the CID, laser and illumination, and begins entries in the device logs.
• Assembly: An assembly is a group of people gathered together in one place for a common purpose.
• Baton: A handheld, rigid, stick-like intermediate weapon. Batons are typically made of materials such as wood and metal, and come in various lengths and styles. (See the specifications section in P&P 5-310 for authorized types)
• Baton Pushes: A gentle or moderate force, applied with two hands on the baton, to a person who offers minimal or no resistance. A baton push is intended to create space, guide or move someone but is not as forceful as a shove or a strike.
• Baton Shoves: A more forceful push applied with two hands on the baton, intended to suddenly displace someone or disrupt their balance. It is more aggressive than a push, but does not involve the deliberate blow of a strike.
• Baton Strikes: A deliberate hit or blow intended to cause injury or pain. Baton strikes are more aggressive and are meant to achieve pain compliance or incapacitate the person.
• Bean Bag Round: A direct fire impact projectile round fired from a bean bag shotgun and used when maximum deliverable kinetic energy is desired for the incapacitation of a person. (P&P 5-307)
• Bilingual: Is the ability to use two (2) languages fluently.
• Bodily Harm: Physical pain or injury, illness, or any impairment of physical condition.
• Body Weight to Pin: Using body weight to pin a person to the ground or floor, or to a fixed object while the person is lying down.
• Body Worn Camera: Portable audio-video recording equipment designed to be worn on a person.
• Canine Apprehension: When a police canine makes physical contact with the person or bites the person, in an effort to take them into custody.
• Canine Handler: A sworn member specifically trained to use a canine.
• Carry Weapons and Force Devices: Having a weapon or force device on one's person. This includes having it in a pocket, holster, or backpack or similar container, as well as having it slung or having it in hand.
• CEW: An intermediate weapon ("Conducted Energy Weapon") that is designed to temporarily incapacitate a person from a distance, using an electrical current for neuromuscular incapacitation.
• CEW Warning Alert: Un-holstering the CEW and activating the alert for purposes of threatening its use prior to actual deployment. The warning alert is intended to be an effort to gain compliance without deploying probes.
• Chemical Aerosol: Aerosol, hand-held, pressurized, containerized chemical aerosol agents that emit a stream or vapor. (P&P 5-308)
• Chemical Munition: Munitions designed to deliver chemical munition agents from a launcher or be propelled by hand. (P&P 5-313)
• Chemical Munition Agent: The active chemical ingredient in the chemical munition, such as 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile (CS), Oleoresin Capsicum (OC), Hexachloroethane (HC-smoke), or Saf-SmokeTM. (P&P 5-313)
• Choke Hold: A method by which a person applies sufficient pressure to a person to make breathing difficult or impossible, including but not limited to any pressure to the neck, throat, or windpipe that may prevent or hinder breathing, or reduce intake of air. A choke hold also means applying pressure to a person's neck on either side of the windpipe, but not to the windpipe itself, to stop the flow of blood to the brain via the carotid arteries. (MN Statute section 609.06 Subd. 3 (b))
• Civil Disturbance: A civil disturbance, also known as civil disorder or civil unrest, is when a gathering or assembly becomes violent or involves a collective threat of imminent violence, including but not limited to, assaults, significant property damage, arson fires, and bodily injury to people.
• Classify: To categorize an event that has been recorded and for which a predetermined retention period has been set.
• Complaint of Discomfort from Handcuff Use:

  A complaint that applies when all of the following are true:

  • The complaint was not a result of resisted handcuffing.
  • Any issues with spacing and application were immediately remedied by the member when safe to do so.
  • The handcuff use did not cause an injury (see the handcuffing section [IV] in P&P 5-302).
• Complaint of Injury or Pain: A person's claim or expression of pain or injury. The complaint does not necessarily have to be associated with a visible injury.
• Complying with Orders: The person is following direction or lawful orders given.
• Conducted Energy Weapon: An intermediate weapon ("CEW") that is designed to temporarily incapacitate a person from a distance, using an electrical current for neuromuscular incapacitation.
• Control or Escort Holds: Temporary holding of part of the person's body, such as the hand, wrist, arm or shoulder, to physically control or direct the person.
• Control Pressure: Pressing a person into a fixed object, while the person is not lying down (such as applying pressure while the person is against a vehicle or building).
• Covert Social Media Profile: A social media site profile created and maintained by an MPD employee, but in a username not associated with the MPD employee, for the purpose of investigating criminal activity
• Crisis: An event or situation where a person's safety and health may be threatened by behavioral health challenges, to include mental health conditions, intellectual or developmental disabilities, substance use, or overwhelming stressors. A crisis can involve a person's perception or experience of an event or situation as an intolerable difficulty that exceeds the person's current resources and coping mechanisms and may include unusual stress in their life that renders the person unable to function as they normally would.
• Crisis Intervention: An attempt by a member to use appropriate de-escalation techniques and tactics to manage the crisis situation, refer or divert the person to other services when appropriate, and ensure the safety of everyone involved.
• Critical Decision-Making Model: A tool that allows members to organize situational factors and inform their decisions as they respond to police incidents of all degrees of complexity. All sworn members are trained in using the critical decision-making model (CDM). (P&P 7-801)
• Critical Incident:

  An incident involving any of the following situations occurring in the line of duty:

  • The use of Deadly Force by or against a Minneapolis Police Officer
  • Death or Great Bodily Harm to an officer
  • Death or Great Bodily Harm to a person who is in the custody or control of an officer
  • Any action by an officer that causes or is intended to cause Death or Great Bodily Harm
• Crowd Control: Techniques used to address unlawful public assemblies.
• Crowd Control Purposes: Using tactics or weapons to contain, control or disperse a crowd or assembly.
• Dangerous Weapon: Any gun, whether loaded or unloaded, or any device designed as a weapon and capable of producing death or great bodily harm, any combustible or flammable liquid or other device or instrumentality that, in the manner it is used or intended to be used, is calculated or likely to produce death or great bodily harm, or any fire that is used to produce death or great bodily harm.
• Deadly Force: "Force which the actor uses with the purpose of causing, or which the actor should reasonably know creates a substantial risk of causing death or great bodily harm. The intentional discharge of a firearm other than a firearm loaded with less-lethal munitions and used by a peace officer within the scope of official duties, in the direction of another person, or at a vehicle in which another person is believed to be, constitutes deadly force." (MN Statute section 609.066)
• De-escalation: Techniques and tactics to reduce the intensity of a situation. These strategies serve to increase the likelihood of voluntary compliance, minimize the need to use force, and uphold the sanctity of life by enabling members to resolve situations without the use of force or with the lowest degree of force necessary. (P&P 7-802)
• Deliver Chemical Aerosols: When a discharged chemical aerosol comes into contact with a person (when a person is sprayed).
• Delivery of Impact Projectiles: When a discharged impact projectile comes into contact with a person.
• Demonstration: An assembly of people organized primarily to engage in First Amendment activity. They include, but are not limited to, marches, protests, and other assemblies intended to attract attention.
• Deploy a Canine: Any time a canine is used outside of training or a demonstration.
• Deploy a CEW: Using the trigger on the CEW, resulting in the ejection of probes.
• Direct Contact: In person or telephone communication between an individual delivering a message and an individual intended to receive the message (Does not include voice mail, or second party messages).
• Discharge a Firearm: Firing a bullet or projectile from the end or muzzle of the weapon.
• Discharge Chemical Aerosols: Using the actuator to release the contents from the canister, regardless of whether it impacts the intended person.
• Discharge Impact Projectiles: Ejecting an impact projectile out of the end or nozzle of the weapon.
• Disengage Canines: The tactical decision of a canine handler to call off the canine and end the canine apprehension.
• Displaying a Firearm: Displaying means having a firearm in hand, while engaged with a subject. For a handgun, this means having it fully out of the holster (including the holster index position), while engaged with a subject. This does not include having the handgun holster ready. For larger firearms such as rifles, this means having it in hand (slung or unslung), while engaged with a subject.
• Domestic Abuse: Physical harm, bodily injury, assault, or the infliction of fear of imminent physical harm, bodily injury or assault, terroristic threats, criminal sexual conduct, or interference with an emergency call, when committed between family or household members.
• Empty Hand Technique:

  Force that employs the member's own body as the mechanism of force (also called bodily force). Empty hand techniques do not include the use of an intermediate or improvised weapon. (P&P 5-306) Empty hand techniques include the following:

  1. Body Weight to Pin: Using body weight to pin a person to the ground or floor, or to a fixed object while the person is lying down.
  2. Control Pressure: Pressing a person into a fixed object, while the person is not lying down (such as applying pressure while the person is against a vehicle or building).
  3. Control or Escort Hold: Temporary holding of part of the person's body, such as the hand, wrist, arm or shoulder, to physically control or direct the person.
  4. Joint Manipulation: Forcefully controlling a person's joint to limit or direct movement. This also includes locks such as wristlocks, armbars, shoulder locks, joint locks, etc.
  5. Pressure Point Compliance: Directed touch pressure that is delivered to gain compliance and may result in brief transitory pain.
  6. Shove: A forceful or severe push, intended to suddenly displace the person or disrupt their balance. Shove does not involve the deliberate blow of a strike.
  7. Takedown: Bodily force used by the member that compels a standing or seated person to the ground or floor, or forceful actions that result in the person ending up on the ground or floor (whether intentional or unintentional).
     1. Two-officer or single-officer takedown.
     2. A push, pull or shove (including baton pushes and baton shoves) that results in the person ending up on the ground or floor.
     3. A vehicle extraction that ends on the ground or floor.
     4. Tackling the person.
     5. A leg sweep.
  8. Touch Contact: Gentle or moderate force applied to a person who offers minimal or no resistance. Touch is intended to create space, guide or move someone, but is not forceful.
  9. Weaponless Strike: A deliberate hit or blow intended to cause injury or pain. Strikes are more aggressive and are intended to achieve pain compliance or incapacitate the person. Strikes can involve a kick, punch, slap, knee, or any similar action.
• Energize a CEW: Cycling the electricity through successfully deployed probes or through re-energizing probes that have already been deployed.
• Energizing the CEW: Cycling the electricity through successfully deployed probes or through re-energizing probes that have already been deployed.
• Engaged with a Subject: Treating someone as a potential suspect or dealing with a person who is the focus of law enforcement attention in an incident. An example of a person who is the focus of law enforcement attention is a person in crisis who may not be suspected of committing a crime.
• Feasible: Objectively reasonably capable of being safely done or carried out.
• Firearms/Ammunition/Firearm Accessories: A device that projects either single or multiple projectiles at high velocity. Ammunition is a term meaning the assembly of a projectile and its propellant. Accessories include but are not limited to holsters, gun cases, firearm optics, suppression devices, cleaning supplies, etc.
• First Amendment-Protected Activity:

  First Amendment activities include all forms of speech and expressive conduct used to convey ideas and/or information, express grievances, or otherwise communicate with others and include both verbal and non-verbal expression.

  1. Common First Amendment activities include, but are not limited to:
     • Speeches
     • Demonstrations
     • Vigils
     • Picketing
     • Distribution of literature
     • Displaying banners or signs
     • Street theater
     • Other artistic forms of expression
  2. All these activities involve the freedom of speech, association, and assembly and the right to petition the government, as guaranteed by the United States Constitution and the Minnesota State Constitution.
  3. The government may impose reasonable restrictions on the time, place, or manner of protected speech, provided the restrictions are justified without reference to the content of the regulated speech, that they are narrowly tailored to serve a significant governmental interest, and that they leave open ample alternative channels for communication of the information.
• Flash Sound Distraction Device: A device (also called a "flash-bang" device) that deflagrates and produces a loud bang with a brilliant light that is intended to cause confusion and distraction to provide a tactical team with a few seconds of advantage. (P&P 5-314)
• Fleeing: An effort by the person to avoid arrest or capture through actions such as running, biking or driving away.
• Gender Expression: A person's actual or perceived self-image or identity as expressed through dress, appearance, behavior, speech or similar characteristics, whether or not traditionally associated with the person's physical anatomy, chromosomal sex, or sex at birth.
• Gender Identity: A person's actual or perceived self-image or identity as expressed through dress, appearance, behavior, speech or similar characteristics, whether or not traditionally associated with the person's physical anatomy, chromosomal sex, or sex at birth.
• Gender Non-Conforming: A term for individuals whose gender expression does not fall within traditional expectations of masculine or feminine gender.
• Great Bodily Harm: Bodily injury which creates a high probability of death, or which causes serious permanent disfigurement, or which causes a permanent or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ, or other serious bodily harm (MN Statute section 609.02 Subd. 8).
• Hard Surface: Any surface that is unyielding or unlikely to absorb any meaningful force or impact. For example, concrete, frozen ground, wood surfaces, metal surfaces, etc.
• High-Risk Search Warrant: A search warrant in which known or suspected hazards have been identified and likely might be present during the service of the warrant. The identified hazards are of such significant risk to the safety of individuals that the search warrant exceeds the capabilities of normal patrol and investigative functions. These hazards may include, but are not limited to, suspect factors such as weapon possession and use, and location factors such as obstacles and other approach difficulties.
• Imminent Threat:

  A threat is imminent when all of the following apply:

  • It can be articulated with specificity.
  • It is reasonably likely to occur absent action by the law enforcement officer.
  • It must be addressed through the use of objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional force without unreasonable delay.

  A fear of future harm is only an imminent threat if it must be addressed without unreasonable delay, no matter how great the fear or likelihood of harm.

• Impact Projectile: An object launched from a tool designed to incapacitate the person or achieve pain compliance, exclusively through blunt-force trauma of kinetic energy from the mass of the projectile. Impact projectiles include the 40mm round and the bean bag round fired from a bean bag shotgun. (P&P 5-307)
• Impact Projectile Launcher: The authorized tool designed to launch impact projectiles. This includes, but is not limited to, the 40mm launcher and the bean bag shotgun. (P&P 5-307)
• Informant: People who give information to another, including Confidential Informant, and Confidential Reliable Informant
• Intermediate Weapon: Weapons that are not intended to cause death or serious physical injury and are not empty hand techniques. These include CEWs, chemical aerosols, chemical munitions, impact projectiles, and batons.
• Interpretation: Is the act of listening to a communication in one language (source language) and orally converting it to another language (target language) while retaining the same meaning.
• Investigation: A structured process of gathering, examining, and evaluating facts and evidence to determine what occurred, assess compliance with laws and policies, and support appropriate actions or decisions.
• Investigators: All persons from the MPD Homicide unit and Internal Affairs unit who are conducting an investigation of the Critical Incident, unless other Criminal Investigating and Administrative Investigating Entities have been designated by the Chief of Police or their designee.
• Involved Officer: A member who appears to have engaged in conduct constituting a Critical Incident.
• Juvenile: An individual who is under the age of eighteen (18) years.
• Language Identification Card: Language identification cards are used in face-to-face situations in order to determine which language a person speaks. The language identification card lists the languages most frequently encountered in Minneapolis. Language Identification Cards shall be readily accessible to MPD personnel in squad cars and in MPD areas accessible to the public.
• Laser Painting: Un-holstering and pointing a CEW at a person and activating the laser aiming device. In some cases, this may be effective at gaining compliance without having to actually deploy probes. Also known as "red dotting".
• Lawful Order: Any written or oral directive issued by a supervisor or a proper authority in the course of work that is in compliance with MPD rules and regulations.
• LEP Coordinator: The LEP Coordinator is an MPD employee who is responsible for coordinating all aspects of the LEP plan for the MPD to ensure meaningful access is available to LEP individuals and, to provide training and direction to MPD employees about when and how to access LEP services for an LEP individual.
• LEP Guide: The LEP Guide is a document for internal use only, that lists contracted City vendors who provide interpretation and translation services to the MPD. This document contains access codes and information that employees will need to give vendors for billing and can be found on MPD Net under "Manuals and Guides" or "Frequently Used".
• Level 1 Reportable Force: Level 1 reportable force involves low levels of force that are reasonably expected to cause transitory pain but do not result in injury or complaint of injury or pain, and also includes the display of firearms, the pointing of firearms, and the pointing of certain intermediate weapons. See the reporting requirements for included types (P&P 5-302 section [II-B]).
• Level 2 Reportable Force: Level 2 reportable force involves the use of an intermediate weapon, weaponless strikes in specific situations, or force that causes injury or complaint of injury or pain but does not rise to level 3 reportable force. See the reporting requirements for included types (P&P 5-302 section [II-C]).
• Level 3 Reportable Force: Level 3 reportable force involves force that causes substantial bodily harm, great bodily harm, or death, and other specified actions (P&P 5-302 section [II-D]).
• Limited English Proficiency: Designates individuals whose primary language is not English and who have a limited ability to read, write, speak, or understand English. LEP individuals may be competent in certain types of communication (e.g. speaking or understanding), but still be LEP for other purposes (e.g. reading or writing). Similarly, LEP designations are context specific. An individual may possess sufficient English language skills to function in one setting, but may find these skills are insufficient in other situations.
• MECC: Minneapolis Emergency Communications Center is the city's 911 center that answers emergency and non-emergency calls and coordinates the appropriate response by public safety services.
• Mental Health Condition: MN Statute Section 245.462, Subd. 20 defines mental health conditions (referred to as "mental illness" in the law) as "an organic disorder of the brain or a clinically significant disorder of thought, mood, perception, orientation, memory, or behavior that is detailed in a diagnostic codes list published by the commissioner, and that seriously limits a person's capacity to function in primary aspects of daily living such as personal relations, living arrangements, work, and recreation." Mental health conditions may be characterized by impairment of a person's normal cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning, and caused by social, psychological, biochemical, genetic, or other factors.
• Minnesota Peace Officer Standards and Training: Oversees law enforcement licensing and training requirements for law enforcement agencies and officers.
• Munitions: Types

  Chemical Agent Munitions: Munitions designed to deliver chemical agents from a launcher or be propelled by hand.

  Less-Lethal Impact Munitions: Impact munitions which can be fired, launched, or otherwise propelled.

  Direct Fired Munitions: Less-lethal impact munitions that are designed to be direct fired at a specific target.

  Indirect-Fired Munitions: Less-lethal non-direct impact munitions that are discharged toward a surface in front of a target, intended to impact the subject following contact with the surface.

• Near a Hard Surface: If a person is "near a hard surface," that means that a weaponless strike to that person's head would cause a direct and immediate impact with the hard surface as a result of the strike. For example, if the person is against a car or lying on the street.
• Neck Restraint: A method by which a person applies sufficient pressure to a person to make breathing difficult or impossible, including but not limited to any pressure to the neck, throat, or windpipe that may prevent or hinder breathing, or reduce intake of air. A choke hold also means applying pressure to a person's neck on either side of the windpipe, but not to the windpipe itself, to stop the flow of blood to the brain via the carotid arteries. (MN Statute section 609.06 Subd. 3 (b))
• Objectively Imminent Physical Harm:

  Aggressively Resisting or Assaultive:

  The person displays the intent to imminently harm the member, themselves or another person.

  • Taking a fighting stance (such as clenching and raising fists into a boxer pose or a substantially similar action).
  • Punching, kicking, or otherwise striking.

  Aggravated Aggressive Resistance or Aggravated Assault:

  The person displays the intent to imminently harm the member, themselves or another person, and the person’s actions are likely to result in great bodily harm or death.

  • Use of a firearm.
  • Use of a blunt or bladed weapon.
  • Extreme physical force.
• Objectively Reasonable Force: The degree and type of force a reasonable officer would consider rational and logical, based on the totality of the circumstances (as required by P&P 5-301 [II-C-1]), to bring a person or situation safely under control.
• Operation 100: An Operation 100 is a SWAT callout where on or off-duty SWAT Tactical, Negotiators, and Tech Team members respond to a hostile event, such as an active shooter or a barricaded suspect, which exceeds the capabilities of traditional law enforcement first responders and investigators.
• Passively Resisting: The person is not complying with a member's commands and is uncooperative but is taking only minimal action to prevent a member from placing the person in custody or taking control of the situation. Examples include: • Standing stationary and not moving upon lawful direction. • Falling limply and refusing to use their power to move (becoming "dead weight"). • Verbal non-compliance: Using language that signals an intention to avoid or prevent being taken into custody but does not signal an intent to cause physical harm.
• Person in Crisis: The nature code, which stands for "person in crisis," for a call involving a person experiencing a crisis event or situation (as defined in P&P 7-803).
• Physical Disengagement: When physically engaged with a person, disengagement is breaking contact or physically creating space between the member and the person to allow for reassessment of the situation.
• Physically Restrained: Restraint or restrain refers to a member's use of force to physically restrict the free movement of a person's body.
• Pointing a CEW: Directing a CEW towards a person, with the intent to use or imply the use of the weapon.
• Pointing a Firearm: Directing a firearm towards a person, with the intent to use or imply the use of the firearm.
• Pointing a Hand-Held Chemical Aerosol: Directing a hand-held chemical aerosol towards a person, with the intent to use or imply the use of the weapon.
• Pointing an Impact Projectile Launcher: Directing an impact projectile launcher towards a person, with the intent to use or imply the use of the weapon.
• Police Report: A report or statement in a report that sets forth the officer's account of an incident and is entered into the MPD's Records Management System.
• POST Board: Oversees law enforcement licensing and training requirements for law enforcement agencies and officers.
• Pressure Point Compliance: Directed touch pressure that is delivered to gain compliance and may result in brief transitory pain.
• Primary Language: Means an individual's native tongue or the language in which an individual most effectively communicates.
• Probable Cause: Having reasonable grounds for supporting the requested Court order, to include: search warrants, arrests or other legal process. Probable cause is required by the Fourth Amendment. Officers must have an objectively reasonable basis for believing that a crime may have been committed or that there is evidence of the crime present in the place to be searched.
• Prostitution: Hiring, offering to hire, or agreeing to hire another individual to engage in sexual contact, or being hired, offering to be hired, or agreeing to be hired by another individual to engage in sexual contact.
• Protected Class Status: Protected classes and statuses include race, ethnicity, color, national origin, ancestry, immigration status, sex, gender identity or expression, age, creed, religion, sexual orientation, marital status, parental status or familial status, disability (including pregnancy), genetic information, veteran's status, status with regard to public assistance, and any other protected class status under state, federal, and local laws.
• Racial Profiling:

  Has the meaning given to it in MN Statute section 626.8471, Subd. 2, which states:

  1. "Racial profiling" means any action initiated by law enforcement that relies upon the race, ethnicity, or national origin of an individual rather than:
     1. the behavior of that individual; or
     2. information that leads law enforcement to a particular individual who has been identified as being engaged in or having been engaged in criminal activity.
  2. Racial profiling includes use of racial or ethnic stereotypes as factors in selecting whom to stop and search.
  3. Racial profiling does not include law enforcement's use of race or ethnicity to determine whether a person matches a specific description of a particular subject.
• Reportable Force: Force used that is required to be reported in accordance with the policy on Use of Force Reporting (P&P 5-302).
• Search Warrant: A document issued by the Court authorizing the police to enter and search a person, premises, location or vehicle for purposes of evidence recovery.
• Secondary Force Review: When the Type 2 Force Review and reportable use of force incident undergo further review by another supervisor. This process ensures that each use of force gets thorough scrutiny and sets the expectation for accountability, performance coaching and mentoring in the chain of command.
• Sexual Assault: Sexual contact or penetration with another person in a criminal manner as identified in MN Statute sections 609.342 to 609.3451.
• Sexual Harassment:

  Any unwelcome sexual advances, request for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical acts of a sexual nature when:

  • Submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual’s employment;
  • Submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as basis for employment decisions affecting such individual; or
  • Such conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual’s work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment.
• Sexual Orientation: Having or being perceived as having an emotional, physical, or sexual attachment to another person without regard to the sex of that person or having or being perceived as having an orientation for such attachment.
• Shove: A forceful or severe push, intended to suddenly displace the person or disrupt their balance. Shove does not involve the deliberate blow of a strike.
• Social Media: An internet site or application where users create and share content and participate in online communities and conversations, in the form of a page, profile, account, group or other presence. These include, but are not limited to, blogs, forums, chat sites, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Nextdoor, LinkedIn, Reddit, and YouTube.
• Social Media Content: Any posts, writing, material, documents, photographs, graphics, videos, links, or other information that is created, posted, distributed, or transmitted via social media.
• Source Individual: Source Individual (SI) is an individual, living or dead, whose blood, tissue, or potentially infectious body fluids may be a source of bloodborne pathogen exposure to another person. Examples include, but are not limited to, a victim of an accident, injury or illness, or a deceased person.
• Special Weapons and Tactics Team: A specialized police unit trained and equipped to handle high-risk situations beyond the scope of regular patrol, such as armed barricades, hostage rescues, and high-risk warrant service.
• Subject Behavior:

  Subject Behavior: The actions, language, demeanor and conduct exhibited by a person. The behaviors are used to categorize and assess the degree of cooperation, resistance, or threat posed by the person.

  Complying with Orders: The person is following direction or lawful orders given.

  Passively Resisting: The person is not complying with a member’s commands and is uncooperative but is taking only minimal action to prevent a member from placing the person in custody or taking control of the situation. Examples include:

  • Standing stationary and not moving upon lawful direction.
  • Falling limply and refusing to use their power to move (becoming "dead weight").
  • Verbal non-compliance: Using language that signals an intention to avoid or prevent being taken into custody but does not signal an intent to cause physical harm.

  Actively Resisting: The person’s actions are intended to prevent a member from placing the person in custody or taking control of the situation but are not directed at harming the member. A person’s reaction to pain caused by a member, and a person’s purely defensive reactions to force, do not constitute active resistance. Oral statements alone do not constitute active resistance. Examples include:
  • Walking or running away after being informed they are not free to leave, are detained, or are under arrest.
  • Forcefully resisting the member’s grip.
  • Holding onto a fixed object after being given a lawful command to move or let go, in a situation other than a protest or demonstration (P&P 7-805).
  Objectively Imminent Physical Harm:
  Aggressively Resisting or Assaultive: The person displays the intent to imminently harm the member, themselves or another person. Examples include:
  • Taking a fighting stance (such as clenching and raising fists into a boxer pose or a substantially similar action).
  • Punching, kicking, or otherwise striking.
  Aggravated Aggressive Resistance or Aggravated Assault: The person displays the intent to imminently harm the member, themselves or another person, and the person’s actions are likely to result in great bodily harm or death. Examples include:
  • Use of a firearm.
  • Use of a blunt or bladed weapon.
  • Extreme physical force.

• Subpoena: An official court order for an individual to appear in court. The Subpoena remains in effect until the case is over or the Issuing Authority excuses the individual under Subpoena.
• Substantial Bodily Harm: Bodily injury which involves a temporary but substantial disfigurement, or which causes a temporary but substantial loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ, or which causes a fracture of any bodily member (MN Statute section 609.02 Subd. 7a).
• Tactical Disengagement: A strategic decision to leave, delay contact, or delay custody of a person when there is not an immediate need to detain them.
• Tactical disengagement: Tactical disengagement is a strategic decision to leave, delay contact, or delay custody of a person when there is not an immediate need to detain them.
• Tactical Positioning: A member's attempts to place themselves in the best tactical position possible to reduce unnecessary risk, plan for contingencies, allow for other de-escalation techniques and tactics, and allow for implementation of the critical decision-making model.
• Takedown:

  Bodily force used by the member that compels a standing or seated person to the ground or floor, or forceful actions that result in the person ending up on the ground or floor (whether intentional or unintentional).

  Examples of actions that constitute takedowns include, but are not limited to:

  1. Two-officer or single-officer takedown
  2. A push, pull or shove (including baton pushes and baton shoves) that results in the person ending up on the ground or floor
  3. A vehicle extraction that ends on the ground or floor
  4. Tackling the person
  5. A leg sweep
• Totality of the Circumstances: All facts known to the member at the time, including the conduct of both the member and the person leading up to the action (such as the use of force).
• Touch Contact: Gentle or moderate force applied to a person who offers minimal or no resistance. Touch is intended to create space, guide or move someone, but is not forceful.
• Transitory Pain: Pain that is temporary and short-lived (fleeting) and resolves quickly once the underlying cause is addressed or ceases. Examples can include pinched skin, a stubbed toe, a knock on the "funny bone," etc.
• Translation: Is the replacement of written text from one language (source language) with written text from another language (target language) while retaining the same meaning.
• Unmanned Aerial System: An unmanned aircraft of any type that is capable of sustaining directed flight, whether preprogrammed or remotely controlled without the possibility of direct human intervention from within or on the aircraft (UAV), and all of the supporting or attached systems designed for gathering information through imaging, recording, or any other means.
• Use of Force:

  An intentional contact, directly or indirectly (such as through a weapon or force device), with someone’s body, that causes pain or injury or restricts, controls or directs someone’s movement. Intentionally placing someone in fear of such contact or threatening such contact can also constitute force. This includes, but is not limited to:

  • The use of any weapon, substance, vehicle, equipment, tool, device or animal that inflicts pain or produces injury.
  • Any physical strike to any part of the body.
  • Any physical contact or threat of contact by the member or a weapon that causes or threatens to cause pain or injury.
  • Any physical contact or threat of physical contact by the member that results in physical restriction or manipulation of movement.
  • Unholstering or displaying a weapon when engaged with a subject or subjects, or pointing a weapon at a person.
• Use Weapons and Force Devices: Activating or applying a weapon's or force device's mechanical functions, pointing a weapon, or making contact with a person with the weapon or force device. This includes discharging a weapon such as a firearm, chemical aerosol, or impact projectile launcher, deploying a CEW, performing a CEW warning alert, activating a CEW, laser painting a person, applying handcuffs or restraints, and making bodily contact with a person with a baton or other impact weapon.
• Using Empty Hand Technique: Using force that employs the member's own body as the mechanism of force (also called bodily force).
• Weaponless Strike: A deliberate hit or blow intended to cause injury or pain. Strikes are more aggressive and are intended to achieve pain compliance or incapacitate the person. Strikes can involve a kick, punch, slap, knee, or any similar action.
• Worker’s Compensation: Benefits for medical care and lost time prescribed by state law for members who are injured while on the job. Submission of a Supervisor's Report of Injury form is required for work-related injuries as directed by State law and MPD policy. NOTE: Worker's Compensation is separate from the Injured on Duty (IOD) program (refer to POFM labor agreement)