The purpose of this policy is to create a standardized process to evaluate all situations that members encounter. The goal of the process is to maximize the likelihood of positive outcomes for all involved.

By training all members to this standardized process, the MPD seeks to instill the principles of critical thinking, the Duty to De-escalate (P&P 7-802), and Avoiding Escalation and Unnecessary Risk (P&P 7-802). The model described in this policy also embeds the Department’s Mission, Vision, Values and Goals in the decision-making process.

Introduction to the Concept

The critical decision-making model (CDM) outlines five steps that are part of the decision-making process and that are guided by a set of core values.

The CDM is simply a visual model that provides structure and vocabulary to help members better understand how they make decisions.

• The CDM is not a checklist or worksheet that members need to complete after calls or incidents. Members should see it as a visual reminder of the steps they naturally take to make decisions.
• The steps are circular, not linear, and are repeated or returned to as needed (see section [D] on spinning the model).

The Critical Decision-Making Model Core

The middle or “core” of the CDM represents the overall philosophy of the MPD and helps to guide the actions of members in all situations. These principles should be at the core of members’ considerations and decisions in each of the five steps.

The core of the CDM includes:

• Sanctity of Life (P&P 0-102).
• Mission, Vision, Values, Goals (P&P 0-102).
• Procedural Justice (P&P 5-109).

Steps of the Critical Decision-Making Model

Gather information

• Members will continually gather and process information as they apply each step of the CDM.
• Separating facts from assumptions is the foundation of effective decision-making.
• This includes assessment of the completeness, accuracy and credibility of information. Members should consider the information of this incident, information from previous incidents, and the sources of the information.
• Examples of questions members can ask themselves include:

• What is happening or has happened?
• What do my training and experience tell me about this incident?
• What additional information do I want or need?

Assess risks

• In assessing risk, the member should consider whether there is an immediate need to take action to address a threat of imminent harm (see P&P 7-804), or if the member can use de-escalation techniques and tactics to slow down and stabilize the situation (see P&P 7-802).
• Members should consider the potential risks of taking or not taking the action, including the likelihood and degree of risks to members, suspects or arrestees, victims, and the public.
• Members should consider whether the assessment of risk suggests additional resources may be necessary to assist in handling the situation.
• Examples of questions members can ask themselves include:

• What is the threat or risk?
• Is there an immediate need to take action?
• Is anyone in imminent danger of harm?
• If immediate action is not necessary, am I trained or equipped to handle the situation?

Consider authority to act

• Members must consider how applicable policies and laws authorize or restrict their actions, based on the totality of the circumstances (including the information they have gathered).
• Examples of questions members can ask themselves include:

• What is my legal authority to act?
• Does this situation require police action (by policy or law)?
• Are there policies that guide or restrict my response?

Identify options

• Members should identify what they are trying to achieve, and what options are available to best facilitate that outcome.
• Members should determine the best course of action, based on the assessment of risks and consideration of their authority to act. This includes considering whether tactical disengagement may be appropriate (P&P 7-802).
• Members should consider if they have enough information and resources and a need to act right away, or if getting more information and resources would produce a better outcome.
• Examples of questions members can ask themselves include:

• What am I trying to achieve?
• What options do I have?
• What option would have the greatest likelihood of success with the least potential for harm?
• Do I need to act now or should I wait?

Act, review, reassess

• Members should implement the option they determined to be the best course of action.
• After taking action, members should assess whether the action achieved the intended outcome and whether the action generated new information.
• Examples of questions members can ask themselves include:

• Did I achieve the desired outcome?
• Did the action generate new information, create new risks, or make new options available? (see section [D] on spinning the model)
• Is there anything more I need to do or consider?

Spinning the Model

Information collection is ongoing. As new information becomes available, members should “spin the model,” re-assessing the new information and fine-tuning their decision-making through the steps of the CDM.

MPD and its members shall uphold the sanctity of life (P&P 0-102 and P&P 5-301) by striving to protect and preserve human life in all situations and keep the community and MPD members safe from harm.

The purpose of this policy is to ensure that members use de-escalation techniques and tactics to reduce threats, gain people’s voluntary compliance, and safely resolve a situation. Using de-escalation techniques and tactics can reduce the need for force and allow members to provide for their own safety as well as the safety of the public.

1. Sworn members have a clear affirmative duty to de-escalate and use de-escalation techniques and tactics whenever feasible, to minimize the need to use force, to resolve incidents without the use of force when possible, and to increase the likelihood of voluntary compliance with legitimate and lawful orders.
2. Members shall respect the humanity, dignity, and civil rights of people, including community members and Department members, when using de-escalation techniques and tactics and when identifying the proper use of such techniques and tactics.
3. Members' duty to de-escalate continues throughout the entire encounter.
4. Encounters with vulnerable populations such as minors and people experiencing a crisis or a behavioral health challenge require a more nuanced and individualized response with particular emphasis on de-escalation techniques and tactics (P&P 5-301 and P&P 7-803), as such situations may be more unpredictable and a typical approach may not work or be appropriate.

1. Members shall not use tactics that unnecessarily escalate an encounter or create a need for force. Members shall use tactical positioning, other sound tactics and other available options during encounters to maximize the likelihood that they can safely control the situation.

2. Members shall not use words or actions that a reasonable person would conclude are intended to incite or escalate reactive behavior. Prohibited conduct includes but is not limited to taunting people.

1. As with all situations, members should implement the steps of the critical decision-making model to inform their actions (P&P 7-801).

2. Members shall consider, based on their actual observations and the totality of the circumstances, whether the person’s lack of compliance is a deliberate attempt to resist or whether the person may be noncompliant due to factors such as:

• Mental health or medical conditions.
• Behavioral health challenges.
• Developmental or intellectual disabilities or conditions.
• Visual or hearing impairments.
• Language barriers.
• Drug or alcohol use.
• A crisis situation (P&P 7-803).
• Whether a person is acting out of fear.

The person may not comply with commands immediately, and members may need to try multiple times without resorting to force or the threat of force.

3. The foundations of de-escalation are patience, flexibility, and the desire to resolve each situation peacefully. De-escalation techniques and tactics include, but are not limited to:

• Using the critical decision-making model to reevaluate force options and consider legal authority to act.
• Using communication techniques, such as:

• Talking to the person using a tone of voice and language that is not aggressive or confrontational.
• Explaining the member’s actions and responding to questions (e.g., directly answering questions about why the police are there or taking action).
• Having one member take the lead in verbal communication.
• Giving clear commands to be followed and affording the person a reasonable opportunity to comply.

• Verbal persuasion such as explaining, without threats, how the person would benefit from cooperation.

4. Providing warnings in an effort to reduce the intensity of a situation.

• Attempting to slow down or stabilize the situation.

• Using additional members, Behavioral Crisis Response (BCR), specially trained members or units (such as negotiators), and other resources to help minimize the overall force used and make more force options available (P&P 7-801 Critical Decision Making and P&P 7-803 Crisis Intervention).
• Delaying contact, delaying custody, planning to make contact or pursue enforcement at a different time or under different circumstances.
• Waiting out the person when there is no immediate need for enforcement action or escalation of the encounter.

• Considering tactical positioning to optimize the reactionary gap, including by using distance, cover or concealment.

• Placing barriers between the person and a member.
• Attempting to isolate the person and contain the scene.

• Physical disengagement.
• Tactical disengagement.

• Members may choose to tactically disengage to avoid resorting to physical force, if continued contact with a person may result in an unreasonable risk to the person, the public or members, consistent with the critical decision-making model (P&P 7-801).
• Members should make the decision to tactically disengage based on the information gathered, the risks assessed and the authority to act. The decision to tactically disengage must be based on the level of offense and risk to public safety.
• In crisis situations, members shall only tactically disengage in accordance with P&P 7-803, including the approval requirements in that policy.

Any time a Use of Force details page is required for an incident, the member shall also complete the de-escalation section in the Use of Force details page (P&P 5-302) and shall document their de-escalation efforts in the Narrative Text.

People in crisis, including people who may be struggling with substance use, or people with mental health conditions, behavioral health challenges, or intellectual or developmental disabilities, may require tailored response and support.

MPD and its members shall uphold the sanctity of life (P&P 0-102) by striving to protect and preserve human life in all situations and keep the community and MPD members safe from harm.

The purpose of this policy is to provide all sworn members with clear and consistent policies and procedures to recognize signs of crisis and appropriately interact with people in crisis. These procedures foster:

• Improving the safety of people in crisis, members, and the Minneapolis community.
• Promoting community solutions to assist people in crisis.
• Using all available resources to reduce or avoid police-involved response to people in crisis, consistent with community safety.
• Working with mental health professionals and forming community partnerships to assist in crisis response.
• Minimizing law enforcement interactions with and arrests of people in crisis.
• Diverting people in crisis away from the criminal justice system.
• Using de-escalation techniques and tactics to achieve peaceful resolutions to incidents and eliminate unreasonable, unnecessary, and disproportional uses of force against people in crisis (P&P 5-301 and P&P 7-802).

Applying the Critical Decision-Making Model

To maximize the likelihood of positive outcomes in all situations members encounter, MPD has adopted the Critical Decision-Making Model (CDM). (P&P 7-801) Members responding to crisis situations should apply the following steps, which are encompassed in this policy’s procedures:

1. Gather information.
2. Assess risks.
3. Consider authority to act.
4. Identify options.
5. Act, review, reassess.

The core of the CDM includes these principles:

• Sanctity of Life (P&P 0-102).
• Mission, Vision, Values, Goals (P&P 0-102).
• Procedural Justice (P&P 5-104).

These principles should be at the core of members’ considerations and decisions in each step.

Recognizing Crisis Situations

MPD strives to safely resolve issues for those experiencing a crisis or mental health issue. Mental health conditions are similar to physical health conditions in many ways, as both can have biological causes, be multifaceted and complex, and require support and treatment.

A person’s mental health can be impacted by various additional factors such as economics, cultural experiences, access to resources, etc.

Having mental health conditions, physical health conditions, neurological conditions or other similar conditions does not automatically mean the person is in crisis, and people often manage their symptoms.

Contributing factors

The following factors can contribute to a crisis. These are not exhaustive lists, and a diagnosis is not required for a crisis response.

1. Substance misuse or abuse and related symptoms. Physical symptoms could include:

• Bloodshot, glassy or red eyes.
• Slurred, rapid or rambling speech.
• Unfocused or blurred vision.
• A sense of euphoria or depression.
• A heightened sense of visual, auditory and taste perception.
• A change in blood pressure or heart rate.
• Decreased coordination.
• Difficulty concentrating or remembering.
• Hallucinations or paranoia.
• Lack of inhibition.

2. Physical, mental health and neurological conditions.
   These include conditions such as:

• Autism spectrum.
• ADHD.
• Major depression.
• Acute anxiety.
• Bipolar.
• Schizophrenia.
• Post traumatic stress.
• Traumatic brain injuries.
• Medication side effects.
• Dementia or similar conditions.
• Sleep deprivation.

3. Situational stressors.
   These include stressors related to a person’s:

• Job or career.
• Relationships (break-up, death in the family, etc.).
• Financial situation.
• Lack of safe housing.
• Physical health.

• Previous traumatic experiences.
• Previous difficult or problematic experiences with police or other authority figures.

• Positive life changes that may still add stress or overwhelm the person.

Effects of contributing factors

1. Contributing factors can:

• Overlap or co-exist.
• Cause or worsen other factors.

• Be difficult to disentangle and treat, especially when more than one is present.

• Be magnified by a precipitating event.

2. These factors can lead to difficulty regulating emotions, less clear or logical thinking, and difficulty responding appropriately to a situation. The person may feel completely overwhelmed and fall into a state of crisis.

Signs of a crisis

1. A crisis could manifest as:

• Rapid changes in mood or emotions.
• Difficulty with concentration, memory, sleep or appetite.
• Heightened sensitivity (possibly described as “on edge”).
• Illogical thinking (ex. “If I hurt that person, I’ll be okay.”).
• Nervousness.
• Feeling disconnected, (from those around them or from reality).
• Signs of lack of self-control, which may include:

• Extreme agitation.
• Inability to sit still.
• Difficulty communicating effectively.
• Rambling incoherent thoughts and speech.
• Clutching oneself or objects to maintain control.
• Moving very rapidly.

2. In accordance with P&P 2-503, members are prohibited from using “excited delirium” or similar terms to describe a person or their behavior in any manner or context.

Assessing risk

Examples of why risk assessments are important include:

• Most people in crisis are not violent, but under certain circumstances may present behavior that is dangerous to themselves, the public or to members.
• Some people looking to harm themselves may take actions, such as jumping into traffic, from a structure, or in front of a train, that can also cause harm to other people physically and psychologically.
• Jail does not generally help people with mental health conditions. Alternative response, community resources or transport holds may be more appropriate (see section [II-E] below).

Members should assess the potential danger to the person, the member, or others by usings indicators such as, but not limited to:

1. The person’s access to weapons.

2. The person’s statements or conduct that suggest the person will commit a violent or dangerous act.
3. The person’s history, which may be known to the Department, the member, family, friends, or neighbors. This includes indications that the person lacks self-control, (such as over rage, anger, fright or agitation). This information may also come from the person’s public social media.
4. The volatility of the environment.

• Agitators who may upset the person, create a combustible environment, or incite violence should be carefully noted, and separated from the person in crisis or otherwise controlled (when appropriate).

Crisis Intervention Response

People in crisis need support. MPD aims to provide the most appropriate response to support the person, which could include routing to community or health-based resources.

Collect and assess information

When responding to a crisis situation, members should make reasonable efforts to gather information to better understand the crisis and respond appropriately, such as:

1. Past occurrences of this or other crisis-related situations.

2. Information about the person, family, or support system that may aid in using de-escalation techniques and tactics and lead to effective resolution (such as the person’s preferences, strengths, and interests, factors that led to the crisis, and examples of past effective strategies with the person).
3. Past incidents involving injury or harm to the person or others, including suicide risk.
4. Information suggesting whether the person has failed to take prescribed medications.
5. Indications of substance misuse or abuse, or related symptoms.
6. Contact information for relatives, friends, or neighbors to assist members.
7. Any other information that might assist in effectively assessing and peacefully resolving the situation using the least-intrusive measures.

Two-member response

When feasible, police response to a person in crisis call should have a two-member response.

Additional resources

If best to manage the response, members should consider requesting additional resources.

1. If the situation does not involve a weapon or threat of violence, or if the member otherwise determines that a Behavioral Crisis Response team (BCR) response would be appropriate, members should request that BCR respond to the scene (see [II-K]).

2. Members should consider requesting additional members as appropriate, however, members should be mindful that in some cases additional members could escalate the situation.

Be prepared for behavior changes

People affected by a behavioral health condition or crisis may rapidly change from being calm and responsive to physically active and agitated or non-responsive. This may result from an external trigger, such as hearing, “I have to handcuff you now,” or from internal stimuli, such as delusions or hallucinations.

1. Members should be observant and prepared for a rapid change in behavior, however, such changes do not automatically indicate potential violence or threats.

Calm the situation

As emotions escalate, the ability to think rationally goes down. This applies to all people (including responding members) and is especially true for people in crisis.

When feasible (in accordance P&P 7-802 De-escalation), members shall take steps to calm a situation when responding to a person in crisis, including:

1. Be aware of how noise or the chaotic nature of the scene (such as police radio volume, lights and sirens) may impact the person’s decision making, especially in incidents involving a heavy police presence.

1. When feasible, members should attempt to remove things or people that appear to be upsetting the person or escalating the situation.

2. When possible, avoid physical contact and continue to take time and assess the situation using the Critical Decision-Making Model (CDM) (P&P 7-801). In most cases, time and distance are allies and there is no need to rush or force the situation.
3. Assume a quiet, non-threatening tone and manner while approaching or conversing with the person.

1. Communicate clearly.
2. Make every effort to speak slowly and calmly.

3. Express concern for the person’s feelings and allow the person to share feelings without expressing judgment.

4. Use active listening skills. For example: restating what the person says “what I hear you saying is…” or “If I understand you correctly…”.
5. Consider how commands are given.

1. Only one member should speak at a time when possible. Having one member or unit take the lead in verbal communication reduces the likelihood of overwhelming the person and can help avoid the potential for conflicting commands.

2. Consider asking questions rather than issuing orders, such as “How can we help you?” or “Is there a family member or someone you trust that we can call?”.
3. Keep commands simple and concrete.
4. Consider rewording, varying or altering the commands. If the same command does not work the first few times (e.g., “get out of the car now”), it is unlikely to be successful, so consider varying it (e.g., “we want to ensure no one gets hurt so we need you to get out of the car”).

6. When feasible, move slowly to avoid surprising, exciting or agitating the person. Whenever possible, members should inform the person of what they are going to do before doing it, unless unsafe to do so.
7. Members should try to manage their own emotions and reactions to stay in control and think rationally. This can include focusing on slow breathing, using eye contact when talking and listening, and moving slowly.
8. Provide reassurance that the police are on-scene to help.
9. Members should not threaten the person with arrest or physical harm, as this may create additional fear, stress, and may unnecessarily escalate the situation.
10. Members should avoid or steer the conversation away from topics that seem to agitate or stress the person.
11. Members should avoid making promises that cannot be kept and should not validate or participate in a person’s delusion or hallucination.

Inform person of steps being taken

1. When practical, members should inform the person and their family (if on-scene) of the steps being taken while assisting the person to a treatment facility, making referrals, or making an arrest, including providing information such as contact numbers and the reasons for the actions.

2. When it is necessary to apply handcuffs (P&P 5-305), and when safe to do so, every effort should be made to explain why handcuffs are needed, and to explain the process. This can be a traumatic experience, and knowing in advance the reason why and what to expect can reduce trauma.

Offer resources

1. Members shall offer appropriate care, assistance, and resources to the person. This could include calling BCR when appropriate (see [II-K]).

2. Members shall provide the Community Resources List to the person in crisis or to supportive people who may be on-scene.

Minors in crisis

3. Members responding to a call involving a minor in need of psychiatric care (whether or not the minor is under arrest- P&P 8-300) may contact the Hennepin County’s 24/7 Mobile Mental Health Child Crisis Services (612-348-2233) for assistance.
4. In accordance with MN Statute section 260E.06, members shall report the incident to Child Protection Services Intake at 612-348-3552.

Tactical disengagement

In crisis situations, members should consider whether continued contact with the person may cause unreasonable risk to the person, the public, or members. Members may choose to tactically disengage to avoid resorting to physical force, subject to these requirements:

1. If the person in crisis is not posing a danger of harming themselves or others, members may tactically disengage without supervisor approval.
2. If the person in crisis is only posing a danger of harming themselves and not others, members may tactically disengage when the danger of self-harm is no longer imminent and the person has not committed a serious or violent crime.

1. Prior to tactically disengaging, members shall notify their supervisor and await their supervisor’s response to the scene.

2. The notified supervisor shall respond to the scene and assess whether tactical disengagement is appropriate under the circumstances.

3. When tactically disengaging, members should consider whether a non-law enforcement resource such as BCR ([II-K]) should be contacted to assist.
4. The supervisor and involved members shall document the tactical disengagements, the reasons supporting it, and the supervisor approval, in a Police Report.

Non-engagement

1. In limited circumstances, members may be aware of the identity and behavior of a person prior to contact, indicating the person is not currently a threat to others, and that police contact may only escalate the situation.

2. In these circumstances, a supervisor may approve non-engagement. The supervisor shall report non-engagement decisions to the Watch Commander or Inspector of the affected precinct.
3. For non-engagement, members should consider whether a non-law enforcement resource should be contacted to provide assistance, such as BCR ([II-K]).
4. The supervisor and involved members shall document the non-engagement, the reasons supporting it, and the supervisor approval, in a Police Report.

Use of force in crisis situations

If force becomes necessary, members shall follow the force guiding principles in P&P 5-301, including the requirement that force shall be objectively reasonable, necessary and proportional.

Prohibition on Suggesting Sedation

n accordance with P&P 7-350, members are prohibited from suggesting or directing sedation to anyone, for any person, including any person who is acting agitated, disorganized, or behaving erratically.

Emergency Admission Procedures and Transport Holds

Transport holds

A transport hold is when a peace officer or health officer takes a person into custody and the person is transported to a hospital for emergency admission and held until they are evaluated, under the authority from MN Statute section 253B.051, Subd. 1. After the evaluation, the facility may release the person or place them under a 72-hour hold.

1. A peace officer or health officer may take the person into custody and transport the person to a hospital, only if the officer has reason to believe that both of the following apply:

• The person is believed to have a mental health condition or developmental disability, or is believed to be chemically dependent or intoxicated in public.

and

• The person is in danger of harming self or others if not immediately detained.

2. Members should consider their own observations first; however, the member or health officer does not need to directly observe the behavior or other facts justifying the transport hold and may consider information from reliable and reasonably trustworthy sources, when they have a credible reason to believe the information is true.

1. The sources can be based on the statements of the person, witnesses, family members, or on the physical scene itself.

2. Anonymous tips must be corroborated through direct observation or identifiable, reliable sources.

3. Members should consider whether the person might be willing to voluntarily receive treatment.
4. The member has the authority to sign a transport hold based on the factors above, but may also assist in executing a transport hold that is written by a health officer (on or off-site) and presented to the member. When a member responds to a health officer’s call to transport a person, the member should verify that the health officer is qualified under the statute to write a transport hold. If the member believes that enforcing the transport hold may result in an unreasonable risk to the person, the public or members, or that the required elements do not apply, they may decline with supervisor approval.
5. The member shall complete the Application by Peace Officer for Emergency Evaluation Form (MP-9094), also known as the MPD “transport hold” form, when taking a person into custody under MN Statute section 253B.051 Subd. 1 and transporting the person to a hospital for evaluation.

1. The form can be found on MPD’s internal site under Forms.
2. The form can be completed online but must be printed for distribution.

3. The member completing the form shall provide a copy of the completed form to all of the following:

• The hospital.
• The person taken into custody.
• The transporting agency, if the person is not transported by the member.

4. The member’s statement shall specify the facts establishing the member’s belief that both required elements are applicable.
5. Members shall use their precinct desk number as the contact phone number on the form.

Transportation for emergency admission

1. People under a transport hold shall be taken to a hospital (e.g. HCMC, Fairview Riverside, NMMC or Abbott).

2. All searches of a person in custody and transported shall be in accordance with the Search and Seizure policy (P&P 9-201).
3. Whenever feasible, members should attempt to gather any critical medications to accompany the person to the hospital.
4. If the person to be transported is a minor, members shall make a reasonable attempt to notify the parent or guardian as soon as practical (P&P 8-305).
5. Members shall consider what the most appropriate method of transportation is, based on the situation.

1. The order of preference should generally be:

1. EMS.

• EMS is especially preferred for transportation of a minor in crisis.
• If the person is combative, members shall call EMS to make the transport and shall ride in the ambulance.
• If the person requires physical medical attention (P&P 7-350), or is unable to walk, members shall call EMS to make the transport.

2. BCR, if appropriate for the circumstances.
3. Unmarked and non-uniformed resources.
4. Marked squad.

2. Members should consider the person’s preference regarding method of transport, as long as it would not present a safety issue.
3. MN Statute section 253B.051 Subd. 1(e) states that “as far as practicable, a peace officer who provides transportation for a person placed in a treatment facility, state-operated treatment program, or community-based treatment program under this subdivision must not be in uniform and must not use a vehicle visibly marked as a law enforcement vehicle.” If a transport is required and unmarked and non-uniformed resources are available, members should use those to make the transport.

6. In the event a dispute arises regarding the MPD’s Transportation for Emergency Admission section, a supervisor will be called to the scene.

Handcuffing People in Crisis

1. During crisis situations, members may only use handcuffs in accordance with P&P 5-305, and the use of handcuffs must be objectively reasonable, necessary and proportional. This includes when members are taking custody of the person solely for a transport hold.
2. When feasible, prior to handcuffing, members should explain why the person will be handcuffed and the steps in the process (P&P 5-305). Explanations should be tactful and age-appropriate (P&P 8-100), and should also be given to parents or family members if present.

3. If a person in crisis is handcuffed, members shall keep the person under close observation, and shall continue using de-escalation techniques and tactics as necessary.

Avoiding Citations and Arrests

Members should avoid citations and arrests for people in crisis when appropriate, and aim to help people in crisis and divert them from the criminal justice system.

Reporting Procedures

For person in crisis calls, members shall complete reports as follows:

Reporting transportation for emergency admission

1. When a person is involuntarily transported under a transport hold, the transporting members shall complete a Police Report ncluding the code ‘CIC’.

2. When MPD is the primary responding agency and determines that a transport by ambulance is necessary (see section [II-E-2] above), the members shall complete a Police Report including the code ‘CIC’.
3. Members should avoid references to the mental health of a person in any report synopsis available for public disclosure. Members shall document such information in the nonpublic narrative section.
4. When MPD is not the primary responding agency, and the person is placed under a transport hold and is transported by ambulance (or means other than MPD), the members shall request that MECC change the nature code to ‘PIC’ prior to clearing the call.
5. When members complete a transport hold requested by a health officer, the members shall upload the completed hold form to Evidence.com under the incident number and shall note the transport hold in added remarks in CAD.

Nature code

If an original incident (e.g. CKWEL, SUSPP, DIST) is later determined to involve a person in crisis, members shall request that MECC change the nature code to ‘PIC’ prior to clearing the call.

Crisis Intervention Data Collection form

When the nature code of a call is ‘PIC,’ the primary squad handling the call shall complete the Crisis Intervention Data Collection form in MDC prior to clearing. This form does not replace any required reports.

Early Release from a Transport Hold or 72-Hour Hold

If a treatment facility releases a person from a transport hold placed by members or a 72-hour hold placed by the treatment facility, before the hold period expires, members who receive the notification from the facility shall forward it to the precinct supervisor of the member who completed the transport hold. The supervisor shall review the case and make the determination regarding further actions.

Referral Options

Additional referral options for behavioral health and social service agencies, veteran and homeless resources, child and adolescent services, and hospital systems are provided on the MPD’s Sharepoint site under Crisis Intervention Resources.

Behavioral Crisis Response (BCR) Teams

MN Statute section 403.03 Subd. 1b requires that the 911 system include a referral to mental health crisis teams, where available.

BCR response

When on duty and when safe to do so, BCR teams will respond to 911 calls with a mental health component. Calls for service are reviewed by MECC and routed to BCR teams when appropriate. BCR does not have a crisis line; they are assigned calls by dispatch.

BCR transports

BCR teams can transport people on a voluntary basis only. They will not transport people who are placed on a transport hold.

Call types and screening

1. When BCR teams are on duty, MECC screens calls to determine if BCR response is appropriate. Such calls will use the nature codes:

• BCR (Behavioral Crisis Response).

and

• BCRW (Behavioral Crisis Response Welfare).

2. If a BCR team is not on duty or is unavailable to respond, or if the call changes to require sworn response, MECC will change to the appropriate MPD nature code (‘PIC,’ ‘CKWEL,’ etc.) and will dispatch a squad. BCR teams will defer to responding members’ instructions upon arrival.
3. In accordance with MECC protocol, a sworn member must be dispatched to incidents involving a person in crisis who is believed to have a mental health condition, behavioral health challenges, or an intellectual or developmental disability, in the following situations:

• Firearms(s) or access to firearm(s) involved.
• Weapons(s) currently in their possession or threatening the use of weapon(s).
• Physical violence has occurred or threats of physical violence toward others.

• When life threatening injury has occurred (example: someone has ingested pills, taken more than prescribed medication, alcohol, etc.).
• Situations involving physical intervention to secure safety (e.g. someone on a bridge or ledge).
• When a BCR team is on-site and determines that the scene is unsafe.

The purpose of this policy is to establish a standardized decision-making framework that guides members in evaluating and responding to high-risk situations.

By training all members to this standardized process, the MPD seeks to instill the principles of critical thinking, the Duty to De-escalate (P&P 7-802), the principle of Avoiding Escalation and Unnecessary Risk (P&P 7-802), and the pursuit of the Department’s Mission, Vision, Values and Goals (P&P 0-102).

Members (including non-tactical members involved in initial response) can apply the critical decision-making model (CDM) (P&P 7-801) and can generally use the following strategies in addressing high-risk threats.

High-Risk Threat Assessment

The purpose of a high-risk threat assessment is to evaluate the nature of a volatile and potentially dangerous situation and determine the best course of action to uphold the sanctity of life.

The following categories can be generally used to evaluate the urgency of action in addressing threats:

Isolated

A threat is isolated when the person or people who pose a threat of harm are known to be alone and do not currently pose an imminent threat to the public.

Developing

A threat is developing when the person or people who pose a threat of harm are in the presence of others, and there is a potential risk of imminent harm to those nearby.

Immediate

A threat is immediate when actions of a person or people create a threat of imminent harm to others. An immediate threat requires action by members without delay.

Resource Organization

After assessing the threat, members should consider the following tactics or actions:

• Creating or strengthening the perimeter of the incident to further isolate the person or people posing a threat.
• Identifying safe routes for moving resources to and from the scene.
• Evacuating the surrounding area of people who might be in danger, to the extent reasonably possible.
• Maintaining clear communication:

• Between members.
• With any additional resources on scene.
• With the person or people posing a threat, when appropriate.

Building teams

As resources arrive or become available, teams should be organized to handle a variety of tasks and functions. Teams should be formed to prepare for addressing the different categories of potential threats, including but not limited to:

• Immediate response teams.
• Perimeter teams.
• Evacuation teams.

Task organization

When establishing teams, functions should be assigned to account for actions and capabilities that may be needed to address the threat categories. These functions may include:

• Primary communicator.
• Arrest and control.
• Intermediate weapons (P&P 5-300).
• Ballistic shields.
• Breaching tools.
• Lethal cover.

Additional support resources

Members should stage Emergency Medical Services (EMS).

Members should also consider whether resources such as the following may be necessary and should be requested:

• UAS (drones) (P&P 4-226).
• Air support (State Patrol helicopter).
• Crisis negotiator.

Contingency Planning

Members should develop plans that account for a variety of behaviors or actions by the person or people posing a threat.

These contingencies may include the following:

• Compliance.
• Fleeing.
• Opposition.
• Barricade.
• Rescue.

1. The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America states, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances."
2. The Bill of Rights in Article 1 of the Minnesota Constitution addresses the rights of free speech and the liberty of the press. However, neither the state nor federal constitutions protect criminal activity or threats against citizens, businesses, or critical infrastructure.
3. The Minneapolis Police Department supports all people's fundamental right to peaceably assemble and their right to freedom of speech and expression.
4. The purpose of this policy is to provide guidelines to MPD employees regarding the application and operation of law enforcement actions during public assemblies and First Amendment Activity.

Facilitating Exercise of Rights

1. MPD employees shall not unlawfully interfere with people engaged in the lawful exercise of their rights.

2. The MPD will uphold the constitutional rights of free speech and assembly while using the minimum amount of physical force and authority required to address a crowd management or crowd control issue.
3. The policy of the MPD regarding crowd management and crowd control is to apply the appropriate level of direction and control to protect life, property, and vital facilities while maintaining public peace and order during a public assembly or First Amendment activity.

Policy Application

This policy concerning crowd management, crowd control, crowd dispersal, and police responses to violence and disorder applies to:

• Spontaneous demonstrations,
• Spontaneous crowd event situations, and
• Planned demonstration or crowd events regardless of the permit status of the event.

Use of Force

1. Nothing in this policy prohibits officers’ abilities to use appropriate force options to defend themselves or others as defined in P&P 5-300.

2. Use of any crowd control weapons shall be reported and reviewed in accordance with the sections on Force Reporting and Supervisor Force Reviews in P&P 5-301.

Supervisor Responsibility for Oversight

Supervisors shall be responsible for:

1. Ensuring that officers assigned launchers or munitions have completed relevant training and certification as applicable.

1. Describing to on-scene officers the rules of engagement for the deployment of munitions, including a review of the applicable use-of-force policy sections.
2. Maintaining responsibility for the munitions issued and deployed.
3. Ensuring appropriate radio notification of deployments where practical and ensuring subsequent reporting.
4. Ensuring officers complete proper written documentation for the deployment of less-lethal weapons after deploying such tools.

Incident Commander

In some cases, the Incident Commander role in this policy may be the same person as the on-scene supervisor.

Annual Policy Review

This policy is to be reviewed annually.

Uniform

1. All officers responding to public assemblies shall at all times, including when wearing protective gear, display their agency name and a unique personal identifier in accordance with P&P 3-100.

2. The Chief or the Chief’s designee shall maintain a record of any officer at the scene who are not in compliance with this requirement due to exigent circumstances.

Officer conduct

1. Officers shall maintain professional demeanor and remain neutral in word and deed despite unlawful or anti-social behavior on the part of crowd members.

2. Verbal abuse against officers does not constitute a reason for an arrest or for any use of force against such individuals.
3. Officers shall not take action or fail to take action based on the opinions being expressed.
4. Officers shall not interfere with the rights of members of the public to observe and document police conduct via video, photographs, or other methods unless doing so interferes with on-going police activity (P&P 9-202).

5. Officers shall not use a weapon or munition unless the officer has been trained in the use and qualified in deployment of the weapon/munition (P&P 5-302).
6. This policy does not preclude officers from taking appropriate action to direct crowd and vehicular movement; enforce ordinances and statutes; and to maintain the safety of the crowd, the general public, law enforcement personnel, and emergency personnel.

Responses to Crowd Situations

Spontaneous disturbances

Officers responding to large-scale disturbances, or those that are likely to become violent, shall notify their supervisor. The responding supervisor shall assume the role of Incident Commander and determine the need for additional assistance, equipment, and tactics to be used.

1. The Incident Commander shall inform the Watch Commander, who shall contact MECC with information of the situation. MECC shall contact the Chief of Police and the appropriate Bureau Head, with information of the situation.

2. The first level of additional assistance shall be precinct officers and designated response cars. The Incident Commander shall establish a field command post with a designated staging area. The Incident Commander shall designate officers for security details for police vehicles and equipment.
3. The Incident Commander may request the activation of the SWAT team to provide additional demonstration management resources. Upon activation, the SWAT team will be deployed and directed by the SWAT Lieutenant in consultation with the Incident Commander.
4. The Incident Commander shall be in charge of the incident as a whole, however, the SWAT Lieutenant shall direct the specific actions of SWAT members once they have been activated, consistent with the mission outlined by the Incident Commander.

Lawful assembly

Individuals or groups present on the public way, such as public facilities, streets or walkways, generally have the right to assemble, rally, demonstrate, protest, or otherwise express their views and opinions through varying forms of communication including the distribution of printed matter. These rights may be limited by laws or ordinances regulating such matters as the obstruction of individual or vehicle access or egress, trespass, noise, picketing, distribution of handbills, leafleting and loitering.

Unlawful assembly

1. The mere failure to obtain a permit, such as a parade permit or sound permit, is not a sufficient basis to declare an unlawful assembly.

2. The fact that some of the demonstrators or organizing groups have engaged in violent or unlawful acts on prior occasions or demonstrations is not grounds for declaring an assembly unlawful.
3. Whenever possible, the unlawful behavior of a few participants shall not result in the time, place or manner of expression being impacted for majority of peaceful protestors, unless other participants or officers are threatened with dangerous circumstances.
4. Unless emergency or dangerous circumstances prevent negotiation, crowd dispersal techniques shall not be initiated until after attempts have been made through contacts with the police liaisons and demonstration or crowd event leaders to negotiate a resolution of the situation so that the unlawful activity will cease, and the First Amendment activity can continue.

Declaration of Unlawful Assembly

1. If the Incident Commander has declared an unlawful assembly, the reasons for the declaration and the names of the decision maker(s) shall be recorded.

1. The declaration and dispersal order shall be announced to the assembly.

2. The name(s) of the officers announcing the declaration should be recorded, with the time(s) and date(s) documented.

2. The dispersal order shall include:

1. Name, rank of person, and agency giving the order.

2. Declaration of Unlawful Assembly and reason(s) for declaration.
3. A minimum of two egress routes that may be used.
4. Specific consequences of failure to comply with dispersal order.
5. How long the group has to comply.

3. Whenever possible, dispersal orders should also be given in other languages that are appropriate for the audience. Officers shall recognize that not all crowd members may be fluent in the language(s) used in the dispersal order.
4. Dispersal announcements shall be made in a manner that will ensure that they are audible over a sufficient area.

1. Dispersal announcements shall be made from different locations when the demonstration is large and noisy.

2. The dispersal announcements should be repeated after commencement of the dispersal operation so that people not present at the original broadcast will understand that they must leave the area.

Crowd Dispersal

1. Crowd dispersal techniques should not be initiated until officers have made repeated announcements to the crowd, or are aware that repeated announcements have been made, asking members of the crowd to voluntarily disperse and informing them that, if they do not disperse, they will be subject to arrest.

2. Unless an immediate risk to public safety exists or significant property damage is occurring, sufficient time will be allowed for a crowd to comply with officer commands before action is taken.
3. If negotiations and verbal announcements to disperse do not result in voluntary movement of the crowd, officers may employ additional crowd dispersal tactics, but only after orders from the Incident Commander, and by using the minimum amount of physical force and authority needed to address the issue.

4. If, after a crowd disperses pursuant to a declaration of unlawful assembly and subsequently participants assemble at a different geographic location where the participants are engaged in non-violent and lawful First Amendment activity, such an assembly cannot be dispersed unless it has been determined that it is an unlawful assembly, and a new declaration of unlawful assembly has been made.

Authorization for Crowd Control Weapon Use

1. Except as provided in [E] below, during civil disturbances or assemblies (as defined in this policy), authorization for use of crowd control weapons shall only come from the Chief of Police, or if the Chief is unavailable, the Chief's designee at the rank of Deputy Chief or above.

1. Such authorization shall be given over the police radio via radio transmission to personnel on scene, whenever possible.

2. The Incident Commander shall ensure that any authorization for crowd control weapons (which must come from the Chief of Police or if the Chief is unavailable, the Chief’s designee at the rank of Deputy Chief or above) is documented in the Police Report, including the person who authorized the use of crowd control weapons. MPD shall retain such documentation for a period of not less than seven years.
3. Sworn MPD employees shall not use crowd-control weapons in a civil disturbance or an assembly until they have been authorized under this policy, unless there is an immediate need to protect oneself or another from objectively imminent physical harm, as detailed in [E] below.

2. Crowd control weapons shall not be authorized for peaceful gatherings or assemblies (such as peaceful protests and demonstrations).
3. In situations not involving civil disturbances or assemblies, the use of weapons listed in this policy shall be in accordance with the other sections in P&P 5-300 specific to those weapons.

Objectively Imminent Physical Harm to Oneself or Another

1. If there is an immediate need to protect oneself or another from objectively imminent physical harm and crowd control weapons have not been authorized under [D] above:

1. Crowd control weapons, excluding chemical munitions, smoke munitions and light sound distraction devices, may be used without prior authorization in order to stop the assaultive conduct or act of violence.

2. In these circumstances, crowd control weapons may only be used against specific people who are posing a threat of objectively imminent physical harm to another person.
3. Chemical munitions, smoke munitions and light sound distraction devices may not be used in these circumstances.

2. The sworn officer using crowd control weapons under such circumstances must notify their supervisor of the use of crowd control weapons as soon as it is safe to do so.
3. The supervisor shall notify the Incident Commander or Watch Commander as soon as it is safe to do so.
4. Any sworn officer who uses crowd control weapons under this section (against specific people in an assembly without prior authorization) shall document and detail in the Police Report the specific circumstances establishing that there was an immediate need to protect themselves or another from objectively imminent physical harm. MPD shall retain such documentation for a period of not less than seven years.
5. The Incident Commander or Watch Commander who is notified shall email a brief notification before the end of their shift that an officer used crowd control weapons without prior authorization, including the case number and circumstances establishing the need to use the weapon, to the Chief of Police, Assistant Chief, Deputy Chiefs, and the Commander of Internal Affairs, for further review and handling.

Crowd Control and Crowd Dispersal Tactics

Crowd control weapons may only be authorized and used during civil disturbances and assemblies in accordance with P&P 5-300 and the conditions set forth in this policy, including the authorization requirements in section [D].

Canine use prohibited

Canines shall not be used for crowd control, crowd containment, or crowd dispersal.

Fire hoses prohibited

Fire hoses shall not be used for crowd control, crowd containment, or crowd dispersal.

FSDDs prohibited

FSDDs (also known as “flash-bangs”) shall not be used for crowd control, crowd containment, or crowd dispersal.

Electronic Control Weapons (ECWs) prohibited

Electronic Control Weapons (ECWs) shall not be used for crowd control, crowd containment, or crowd dispersal. This provision does not limit the use of ECWs under the conditions of [E] regarding objectively imminent physical harm.

Vehicles

1. Motorcycles and police vehicles shall not be used for crowd dispersal.

2. Vehicles may be used for purposes of observation, visible deterrence, traffic control, transportation, and area control during a crowd event.

Bicycles

1. Bicycles may be used to control and move people as appropriate. Bicycles may be authorized for crowd escorts by the Incident Commander.

2. Strikes with bicycles and other uses of a bicycle as a weapon shall follow the policies and procedures for impact weapon use.

Horses

1. When authorized by the Incident Commander, horses may be used to contain, control, and direct groups in nonviolent demonstrations as appropriate.

2. Horses shall not be used against passively resistant demonstrators, including those who are sitting or lying down.
3. Unless exigent circumstances exist, horses should not be used when chemical agents are used or use is anticipated, or in icy or snowy conditions or when similar lack of footing may jeopardize the animal, rider, or others.

Munitions and 40mm Launchers

40mm launchers

In accordance with the section on 40mm launchers in P&P 5-302, during civil disturbances or assemblies:

Carrying 40mm launchers

Only officers working in a certified SWAT capacity shall carry 40mm launchers, unless authorization is given by the Chief of Police, or when the Chief is unavailable, the Chief’s designee at the rank of Deputy Chief or above, for other officers who have been trained in the use of 40mm launchers to carry them.

Coordination of 40mm launcher use

Once use of 40mm launchers is authorized in accordance with section [D], and the SWAT supervisor is on scene, the supervisor shall coordinate all use of 40mm launchers on scene, including by any officers who were authorized to carry prior to the SWAT supervisor’s arrival. Nothing in this provision limits the use of 40mm launchers authorized by section [E] regarding objectively imminent physical harm.

Less-lethal impact munitions

Use of less-lethal impact munitions

1. Less-lethal impact fired munitions shall never be used indiscriminately against a crowd or group of people.
2. Less-lethal impact munitions shall be used only against a specific individual who is engaging in conduct that poses an immediate threat of objectively imminent physical harm (as covered by section [E]).
3. When circumstances permit, the Incident Commander shall make an attempt to accomplish the policing goal without the use of less-lethal impact munitions as described above, and, if practical, an audible warning shall be given to the subject before use of the weapon.

Areas to avoid targeting

In accordance with the P&P 5-302, officers shall intentionally not discharge less-lethal impact munitions at a person’s head, neck, throat, face, armpit, spine, kidneys, or groin unless deadly force would be justified.

Chemical munitions

Sufficient egress

Chemical munitions may not be used unless sufficient egress exists to safely allow the crowd to disperse.

Prohibition on CN chemical munitions

CN chemical munitions are prohibited.

Announcements and area notifications

1. When feasible, additional announcements warning of the imminent use of chemical munition should be made prior to the use of chemical munitions in a crowd situation.

2. Where extensive use of chemical munitions would reasonably be anticipated to impact nearby residents or businesses, the MPD should consider proactively notifying impacted individuals of safety information related to the munitions use as soon as possible, even if after the event.

Emergency medical services available

When chemical munitions are used, emergency medical services will be on standby at a safe distance near the target area when feasible.

Documenting chemical munition use

In addition to the use of force and de-escalation documentation requirements in P&P 5-301, the following information shall be documented for all chemical munition use:

1. The name of each chemical munition used in an incident.

2. The location and time of use for each munition use (as accurately as possible).

Safety data sheet

The safety data sheet (SDS) shall be saved and maintained for all chemical munitions used by the MPD.

Impact weapons

Display of batons or riot sticks

Batons and riot sticks may be visibly displayed and held in a ready position during squad or platoon formations.

Crowd movement

Impact weapons (such as batons, riot sticks and riot shields) may be used as tools for crowd escorts when authorized by the Incident Commander.

Use of impact weapons

1. Impact weapon strikes shall not be used indiscriminately against a crowd or group of people, but only against specific individuals who are physically aggressive or actively resisting arrest.

2. Impact weapon strikes should not be used in a crowd control situation against an individual who is attempting to comply but is physically unable to disperse or move because of the press of the crowd or some other fixed obstacle.

Areas to avoid targeting

Officers shall not strike a person with any baton to the head, neck, throat, kidneys, spine, or groin, or strike with force to the armpit unless the person has created an imminent threat of great bodily harm to another.

Use against a person in handcuffs

Impact weapons shall not be used against a person who is handcuffed except when permissible under P&P 5-300 and state law.

Aerosol hand-held chemical agents

Use of aerosol hand-held chemical agents

1. Aerosol hand-held chemical agents shall only be used against specific individuals who are engaged in conduct that poses an immediate threat of objectively imminent physical harm. Aerosol, hand-held, pressurized, containerized chemical agents that emit a stream shall not be used indiscriminately for crowd management, crowd control, or crowd dispersal.

2. Officers shall use the minimum amount of the chemical agent necessary to overcome the subject's resistance.

Subject exposure treatment

1. When possible, people should be removed quickly from any area where hand-held chemical agents have been used. Officers shall monitor the subject and pay particular attention to the subject’s ability to breathe following the application of a chemical agent.

2. A subject who has been sprayed with a hand-held chemical agent shall not be left lying on their stomach once handcuffed or while restrained with any device.

Arrests

Encircle crowd

If the crowd has failed to disperse after the required announcements and sufficient time to disperse, officers may encircle the crowd or a portion of the crowd to make multiple simultaneous arrests.

People seeking to be arrested

1. People who make it clear (e.g., by non-violent civil disobedience) that they seek to be arrested may be arrested and shall not be subjected to other dispersal techniques, such as the use of impact weapons or chemical agents.

2. People refusing to comply with arrest procedures may be subject to the reasonable use of force.

Arrests of non-violent people

Arrests of non-violent people shall be accomplished by verbal commands and persuasion, handcuffing, lifting, carrying, the use of dollies and/or stretchers, and/or the use of soft empty hand control holds.

Arrestee injuries

1. Officers shall document any injuries reported by an arrestee, in accordance with P&P 5-301.

2. As soon as practical, officers shall obtain professional medical treatment for the arrestee, in accordance with P&P 5-301 and P&P 7-350.

Juvenile arrests

Juveniles arrested in demonstrations shall be handled consistent with MPD policy on arrest, transportation, and detention of juveniles (P&P 8-300).

Arrests of people with disabilities and Limited English Proficiency

1. Officers arresting a person with a disability affecting mobility or communication shall follow the MPD policy on arrest, transportation, and detention of people with disabilities (P&P 5-602 and P&P 5-603).

2. Officers shall follow P&P 5-601 for providing services to people who are Limited English Proficiency.

Handcuffing arrestees

Handcuff policies

All people subject to arrest during a demonstration or crowd event shall be handcuffed in accordance with MPD policy, orders, and training bulletins (including P&P 5-301, P&P 5-302 and P&P 9-109).

Flex-cuffs

1. Officers should be cognizant that flex-cuffs may tighten when arrestees hands swell or move, sometimes simply in response to pain from the cuffs themselves.

2. When an arrestee complains of pain from overly tight flex cuffs, officers shall examine the cuffs and ensure proper fit.
3. Arrestees in flex-cuffs shall be monitored to prevent injury.
4. Each unit involved in detention or transportation of arrestees with flex-cuffs should have a flex-cuff cutter and adequate supplies of extra flex-cuffs readily available.

News Media.

News media have a First Amendment right to cover public activity, including the right to record video or film, livestream, photograph, or use other mediums.

1. News media shall not be restricted to an identified area, and shall be permitted to observe and shall be permitted close enough access to view the crowd event and any arrests. An on-scene supervisor or the Incident Commander may identify an area where media may choose to assemble.

2. Officers shall not arrest members of news media unless they are physically obstructing lawful efforts to disperse the crowd, or efforts to arrest participants, or engaged in criminal activity.
3. News media shall not be targeted for dispersal or enforcement action because of their media status.
4. Even after a dispersal order has been given, clearly identified news media shall be permitted to carry out their professional duties unless their presence would unduly interfere with the enforcement action.

Legal Observers

1. Legal observers, including unaffiliated self-identified legal observers and crowd monitors, do not have the same legal status as news media, and are subject to laws and orders similar to any other person or citizen.

2. Legal observers and monitors must comply with all dispersal orders unless an on-scene supervisor or the Incident Commander chooses to allow such legal observers and monitors to remain in an area after a dispersal order.
3. Legal observers and crowd monitors shall not be targeted for dispersal or enforcement action because of their status.

Documentation of Public Assembly and First Amendment Activity

1. Public assembly or first amendment activity shall not be visually documented, except under the following circumstances:

1. Documentation of the event for the purposes of debriefing,
2. Documentation to establish a visual record for the purposes of responding to citizen complaints or legal challenges (including through required BWC or MVR activations in accordance with P&P 4-223 and P&P 4-218), or
3. Creating visual records for training purposes.
4. When authorized under MN Statute section 626.19 Subd. 4 regarding UAV use.

2. Any authorized video or photo documentation shall be done in a manner that minimizes interference with people lawfully participating in First Amendment activities.
3. Videotaping and photographing of First Amendment activities shall take place only when authorized by an on-scene supervisor or the Incident Commander.
4. Individuals should not be singled out for photographing or recording simply because they appear to be leaders, organizers, or speakers.
5. Unless evidence of criminal activity is provided, videos or photographs of demonstrations shall not be disseminated to other government agencies, including federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies. If videos or photographs are disseminated or shared with another law enforcement agency, a record should be created and maintained noting the date and recipient of the information.
6. If there are no pending criminal prosecutions arising from the demonstration or if the video recording or photographing is not relevant to an Internal Affairs or citizen complaint investigation or proceedings or to civil litigation arising from police conduct at the demonstration, the video recording and photographs shall be destroyed in accordance with MPD policies, City Retention Guidelines and State law.
7. This policy shall not prohibit employees from using these videos or footage from such videos as part of training materials for officers in crowd control and crowd dispersal techniques and procedures.

Training

Initial and ongoing training

1. All officers should receive yearly training on appropriate responses to crowd control and crowd management.

2. Officers assigned to specialty units that respond to crowd control situations should receive additional training on appropriate responses to crowd control and crowd management, in addition to the yearly department-wide training.

Joint training

Joint training should also be conducted with all agencies who are involved in crowd management activities.

Less-lethal 40mm launcher and munition training

1. The MPD shall ensure that officers assigned the weapons or munition have completed relevant training and certification as applicable, ideally well in advance of an incident.

2. The training shall describe the rules of engagement for the deployment of munitions, including a review of the applicable use-of-force policy sections.

Police canines are valuable assets to the MPD because of canines’ superior sense of smell, hearing, agility and loyalty. Use of canines requires adherence to procedures that properly control their use and to channel their specialized capabilities into legal and ethical law enforcement tools.

Sole Responsibility of Handler

The Canine Handler shall be solely responsible for the best practical application and deployment of their dog in all instances.

Report to Ranking Officer at the Scene

1. During operational deployment, the assigned canine handler will report to the ranking officer at the scene.

2. The canine sergeants and canine officers are all active canine handlers.

Permissible Uses

Department canines may be used for the following situations, when the associated conditions in this policy are met:

• Searching for or apprehending suspects.
• Locating missing or lost persons.
• Searching for explosives, narcotics or other evidence.
• Security of MPD and City equipment and property.
• Public relations demonstrations, with the prior approval of the Canine unit supervisor.

Prohibited Uses

Department canines shall not be used for any of the following purposes:

• Crowd control purposes at protests or demonstrations.
• Searching for animals.
• Punitive purposes against suspects.
• For off-duty employment (in accordance with P&P 3-800).

Dangerous Situations

Canines should not be put in dangerous situations needlessly.

Searching For or Apprehending Suspects

1. Department canines may be used to search for or apprehend a suspect if:

1. The canine handler reasonably believes that the individual has either committed or is about to commit a serious offense, and

2. Any of the following conditions exist:

• There is a reasonable belief that the individual poses an immediate threat of violence or serious harm to the public, any officer, or the handler.
• The individual is physically resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest and the use of a canine is reasonably necessary force under the circumstances to overcome such resistance or prevent the escape of the suspect.
• The individual is believed to be concealed in an area where entry by other than the canine would pose a threat to the safety of officers or the public.

2. When canines are used for apprehensions, handlers shall disengage their canines as soon as reasonably possible after the suspect is able to be controlled or secured.

Warnings

1. If feasible, a verbal warning shall be given loud enough to be reasonably heard by the suspect or other persons prior to any deployment of a police canine. This warning shall include all of the following:

• The identification of the MPD.
• That the canine is being released.
• That the subject is under arrest.
• That the subject may be bitten by the canine.

2. Circumstances may arise that make it unsafe for a canine handler to give a verbal warning if the handler’s safety or the safety of another is jeopardized.

Injuries and Apprehensions

Injuries by a canine

1. In accordance with P&P 5-301 and P&P 5-311, officers are responsible for ensuring any person injured by an MPD canine receives medical treatment as soon as reasonably possible.
2. Officers shall request an ambulance to the scene whenever a person is apprehended by a canine.
3. Canine handlers shall photograph all injuries and ensure the images are uploaded in accordance with P&P 10-400.

Notify Sergeants of apprehension

The canine handler shall notify the Canine Sergeants immediately after any canine apprehension or accidental bite.

1. Officers will be debriefed by canine unit supervisors and trainers as soon as possible following notification.
2. If a Canine Sergeant is not available, another MPD sergeant may be asked to do the force review.

Review form

Upon notification of a bite or apprehension, a Canine Sergeant will complete the K-9 Unit Apprehension Review form (MP-9090) and will send it electronically to the members of the review panel.

Injuries to a handler or canine

1. The handler shall notify a Canine Sergeant immediately if the handler or canine suffers a serious injury requiring immediate treatment.
2. If a canine is injured in the Line of Duty, the handler shall complete a report using the code K9ASLT.

Handler unable to command canine

All officers shall consider the following course of action in the event a handler is injured and unable to command their canine:

1. Request another Canine Handler or Canine Sergeant to the scene, or
2. Place the Canine Officer’s squad car near the injured Officer, and:

1. Command the Canine to “kennel,” or

2. Lure the canine into the back of the squad with one of the Canine toys in squad car such as a Kong, Tug Toy or Bite Sleeve commonly stored in the rear of the Canine squad car.

Building Searches

1. Using a canine to search a structure minimizes risk to officers. Regular patrol units should not search a structure if a canine unit is responding.

1. In addition to the other conditions in this policy, the following requirements apply to building searches for a suspect:

1. Before the canine is deployed, the handler will attempt to ensure the area is clear of civilians and police personnel.
2. Canine handlers shall give verbal warnings inside a building prior to deployment, if tactically feasible.
3. Canine handlers shall repeat warnings in large or multi-level buildings as necessary and as feasible.
4. Canine handlers shall not routinely search buildings on alarm calls where there is no evidence of forced entry. If officers determine a canine search is necessary, the canine should remain on a lead.

Area Searches

In addition to the other conditions in this policy, the following requirements apply to area searches for a suspect:

1. If a suspect has fled and is to be tracked using a canine:

1. Personnel at the scene shall secure the scene until the arrival of the canine team.
2. All personnel shall stay clear of the area where the suspect was last seen.

2. While the canine is being used, all personnel except those assigned to assist the handler shall stay away from the handler and the canine. Personnel shall not do things that will distract the canine.
3. The canine shall remain on a long lead during area searches, whenever it is reasonable and does not jeopardize officer safety.

Narcotics Searches

1. Officers must have a reasonable, articulable suspicion that narcotics are involved before conducting a narcotics search using a canine. Random narcotics searches are prohibited.

2. Any MPD canine used for narcotics detection shall have completed the MPD Canine Narcotics Detection Training Course.
3. Any MPD canine used for narcotics detection shall be narcotics certified by the approved certifying entity.
4. The canine handler shall complete a statement about the search in the offense report any time narcotics are located by a canine.

Explosives Searches

1. Any MPD canine used for explosives detection shall have completed the MPD Canine Explosives Detection Training Course.

2. Any MPD canine used for explosives detection shall be explosives certified by the approved certifying entity.
3. In the event of a bomb threat, the procedures in P&P 7-800 shall be followed.
4. If a canine is used for an explosives search, the handler will determine the most practical way to proceed.
5. The MPD Bomb Squad shall be called if a suspicious device is found. A canine will not be used if a suspicious device is found, unless requested by the Bomb Squad.

Searching For Lost or Missing Persons

1. Canines may be used to track or search for non-suspects, including but not limited to, lost children, missing persons, or individuals who may be disoriented or in need of medical attention. The canine handler shall determine the canine’s suitability for such assignments based on the conditions and on the abilities of the canine.

2. In addition to the other conditions in this policy, the following requirements apply to searching for or tracking non-suspects:

1. Absent a change in circumstances that presents an immediate threat to officers, the canine or the public, such deployments shall be conducted on-lead or under conditions that minimize the likelihood the canine will bite or otherwise injure the individual, once located.
2. Throughout the deployment, the handler should periodically give verbal assurances that the canine will not hurt or bite the individual and should encourage the individual to make themselves known.

Canine Handler Duties and Responsibilities

1. The canine handler shall be responsible for the best practical application and deployment of their dog in all instances.

2. When a canine is not involved in a police function, the handler shall secure the dog in the police vehicle.
3. Canine handlers shall keep their canine secure while inside of their vehicle.

1. The emergency alarm temperature monitoring system shall be activated at all times during their shift.
2. Handlers shall not allow the kennel divider between the rear cage and front seat of the squad to be open, while the vehicle is occupied by a canine.

4. Canine vehicles shall not be used to detain, interview or transport suspects or arrestees without the prior approval of a supervisor. Canine vehicles should not be used to transport witnesses or injured persons unless emergency circumstances exist.
5. The canine will be kept on a lead in areas where the public has ready access, unless the dog is being used for a specific police purpose.
6. The handler shall notify a Canine Sergeant immediately if they are ordered to perform in a way that may be contrary to policy or to unit training.
7. The handler is responsible for the health, care and feeding of their canine. The handler shall not permit anyone other than the handler, their immediate family or authorized personnel to care for or feed the canine.

Canine Sergeant Duties and Responsibilities

1. The Canine Sergeant shall immediately remove a canine team from service that fails to certify through the approved certifying entity’s regional field trial, and shall ensure the team demonstrates competence prior to returning to service.

2. Canine Sergeants have the authority to remove any Canine Team from service immediately if the supervisors determine the canine team does not perform satisfactorily. Canine teams that certify through an approved field trial but demonstrate weakness in control areas will be removed from patrol work for retraining.

3. The Canine Sergeant shall handle canine-related issues and concerns as directed.

4. The Canine Sergeant shall organize and facilitate critical incident debriefing involving canine teams.

Training

1. All patrol canine teams will be required to certify annually through an approved regional field trial.

1. Any canine team that fails to certify through an approved regional field trial will be removed from service immediately.

1. The team will not be returned to service until completing retraining and then demonstrating competence in all areas of patrol work.

1. The team will be required to participate in the next available approved regional field trial, or an approved mini trial if there is no regional trial available.
2. Any canine team that fails to certify in two consecutive approved regional field trials, or fails an approved mini trial after failing an approved regional field trial, will be removed from the Canine Unit after the situation is reviewed by the Canine Administration.

2. All patrol canine teams shall be required to train their canine in either explosives or narcotics detection within one year of graduating from the twelve-week MPD Basic Patrol Canine School, and shall certify their canine in their detection specialty annually through a Detection Certification Course from the approved certifying entity.
3. Handlers shall ensure all handler and canine training is documented, in accordance with P&P 2-501.

Policy

The Canine Unit will be available on a 24 hour basis. K9 personnel will perform regular police duties between calls for assistance from other officers.

Requests for canine assistance shall be made by officers in charge of a scene via MECC. The situation shall be explained to the canine officer and area secured of all personnel to preserve evidence and scent.

Requests for canine assistance by outside agencies will be referred to an on duty canine supervisor or senior canine officer in the canine supervisor is not available. The agencies will be advised of Department policies and procedures, and that there is a fee for canine use outside Hennepin County and St. Paul. The canine officer will make a written report of the incident. (05/21/96)

If a handler is injured and unable to call the dog, the officers should follow the following procedure:

• After requesting medical assistance and securing the scene, attempt to call the dog into the rear of an open squad.
• If the above has failed, notify another canine officer. Officers who have been canine officers may also be able to help. As a last resort, contact a member of the officer's family that is familiar with the dog.

7-808 Procedures for Operation 100

• Summary: List of procedures to be followed for Operation 100
• Effective Date: 01-01-2026
• Last Review Date: 05-03-2013

7-808.01 Designating a SWAT Field Command Post

• Summary: Details regarding designation of a SWAT Field Command Post, and recommendations.
• Effective Date: 01-01-2026
• Last Review Date: 05-03-2013

It is the responsibility of the SWAT supervisor or the Mobile Command One supervisor (whoever arrives first), or their designee, to coordinate with the Patrol Supervisor the location of the SWAT Field Command Post area.

When selecting the SWAT Field Command Post area, the area should be:

• Out of sight of the perpetrator
• Close enough to be practical
• Upwind from the incident site
• Large enough to accommodate parking for 20 vehicles (including large specialty vehicles such as Mobile Command One, SWAT Negotiators van, SWAT Equipment van, the Bomb Squad truck and TCV) as well as a separate area large enough to accommodate the staging and deployment of 50 SWAT personnel within that secured area.

Remember: When selecting a SWAT Field Command Post area it is best to select a larger area than may be needed and scale it back, rather than an area which is too small.

These areas shall be cordoned off and secured with green Tactical Staging Area scene tape and blue Command Post scene tape. The Tactical Command Post Area will have a designated point of entry to the tactical area. All tactical and Bomb Squad personnel shall enter and exit the scene at the designated point of entry, sign in with logistics, and wait for assignment within the confines of the Tactical Staging Area, designated with the green Staging Area scene tape.

Police personnel not assigned in some capacity to SWAT (Command, Tactical, Negotiations, or Mobile Command One) or Bomb Squad shall not enter the Command Post area or Mobile Command One without receiving entry from the Tactical Commander or their designee.

Blue Command Post Scene Tape:

Mobile Command One personnel will maintain rolls of blue Command Post scene tape. The blue tape will be placed around the designated area around the Tactical Command Post portion(s) of the scene that will accommodate Mobile Command One and the SWAT Negotiators vehicle. Only SWAT and Bomb Squad personnel will be allowed to cross the blue tape. Blue tape usage will be at the discretion of SWAT Command Staff or Mobile Command One personnel. Once the Operation 100 is complete, Mobile Command One personnel will remove the blue tape.

Green Tactical Staging Area Scene Tape:

Mobile Command One personnel will maintain rolls of green Staging Area scene tape. The green tape will be placed around the designated Tactical Staging Area within the Tactical Command Post portion(s) of the scene. The Staging Area should be large enough to accommodate the staging and deployment of 50 SWAT and Bomb Squad personnel. Only SWAT and Bomb Squad personnel shall be allowed to cross the green tape. Green tape usage will be at the discretion of SWAT Command Staff or Mobile Command One personnel. Once the Operation 100 is complete, Mobile Command One personnel will remove the green tape.

7-809 Bomb Threats

• Summary: Outlines procedures for assessing, responding to, and reporting bomb threats.
• Effective Date: 01-01-2026
• Last Review Date: 12-01-2008

Officers responding to a bomb threat shall advise the person in-charge (contact person) of the involved business or building, that it is their decision to evacuate. If asked for a recommendation, officers shall advise that in all instances of bomb threats the Minneapolis Police Department recommends an evacuation of the building, and a search of the building by employees/staff (on a voluntary basis) to look for suspicious item(s).

Prior to the search being conducted officers shall also advise the contact person:

1. Not to use portable radios or cell phones while conducting the search;

1. Not to handle any suspicious item(s);
2. If a suspicious item is discovered immediately evacuate the area and call 911.

All requests for building searches utilizing MPD employees and/or canines to look for suspicious packages or suspected explosives must be approved by the Bomb Squad supervisor, in advance.

Responding officers shall complete a CAPRS report. Bomb threats should be coded BOMBT. If a suspicious package or suspected explosive is discovered subsequent to the bomb threat, CAPRS code BOMB shall be used in addition to BOMBT.

7-809.01 Suspicious Packages, Explosives, and Explosions

• Summary: Guidelines for potential hazards with suspicious packages, explosives, suspected explosive packages and explosions.
• Effective Date: 01-01-2026
• Last Review Date: 12-01-2008

7-810 Critical Incidents

• Effective Date: 01-01-2026

Purpose

Policy

Procedures

Definitions